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vitamin supplementation

No evidence that vitamin supplementation prolongs life. [1] Supplementation for most vitamins & minerals associated with lower all-cause mortality, but after adjustment for education & lifestyle factors, associations for all but lycopene disappeared [11] Antioxidant vitamins do NOT prolong life [2] 1) Vitamin E supplements do NOT prolong life 2) beta-carotene supplements do NOT prolong life No evidence to support the use of vitamin supplements or antioxidant supplements to prevent cardiovascular disease[7,10] or cancer [10] US Preventive Services Task Force (2003) concluded: 1) insufficient evidence to recommend vitamins A, vitamin C or vitamin E, multivitamins with folic acid, or antioxidant combinations to reduce rsk of cardiovascular disease 2) beta-carotene could increase risk of lung cancer & all-cause mortality in smokers 3) insufficient evidence to recommend for or against vitamin supplementation, alone or in combination, to prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer [8] Multivitamin supplementation reduced infection in: 1) healthy subjects < 65 years of age (RR* 0.6) [4] 2) diabetics (RR* 0.2) [4] 3) reduced number of days of infection (17 days yearly) [5] 4) non-significant decrease in incidence of infection [5] 5) no effect on odds of having at least one infection yearly [5] * relative risk

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mineral supplementation (mineral deficiency prevention) vitamin

General

pharmacologic therapy

References

  1. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstfix.htm#review
  2. Vivekananthan DP et al, Lancet 361:2017, 2003 PMID: 12814711
  3. Journal Watch 24(1):7, 2004 Morris CD & Carson S, Ann Intern Med 139:56, 2003 PMID: 12834320
  4. Journal Watch 23(8):66, 2003 Barringer TA et al, Ann Intern Med 138:365, 2003 PMID: 12614088 http://www.annals.org/issues/v138n5/full/200303040-00005.html Fauzi W & Stampfer MJ, Ann Intern Med 138:430, 2003
  5. Journal Watch 25(11):87, 2005 El-Kadiki A, Sutton AJ. Role of multivitamins and mineral supplements in preventing infections in elderly people: systematic review and meta- analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2005 Apr 16;330(7496):871. Epub 2005 Mar 31. Review. PMID: 15805125 http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/330/7496/871
  6. Prescriber's Letter 13(7): 2006 Multivitamins/Mineral and Chronic Disease Prevention Detail-Document#: 220712 (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  7. Myung S-K et al. Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2013 Jan 18; 346:f10. PMID: 23335472
  8. Draft Recommendation Statement Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement DRAFT. Summary of Recommendations and Evidence http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/draftrec2.htm - Fortmann SP et al Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: An Updated Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. Published online 12 November 2013 PMID: 24217421 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1767855 - Moyer VA et al Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med 2014 Apr 15; 160:558 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1832969
  9. Lamas GA et al High-Dose Multivitamins and Minerals After a Heart Attack. A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(12):I-20-20. PMID: 24490264 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1789246 - Grodstein F et al Does Long-Term Multivitamin Supplementation Help Cognitive Function in Men? Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(12):I-24-24. PMID: 24490265 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1789247 - Guallar E et al Enough Is Enough: Stop Wasting Money on Vitamin and Mineral Supplements. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(12):850-851-851 PMID: 24490268 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1789253
  10. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018
  11. Chen F, Du M, Blumberg JB et al Association Among Dietary Supplement Use, Nutrient Intake, and Mortality Among U.S. Adults: A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2019. April 9. PMID: 30959527 https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2730525/association-among-dietary-supplement-use-nutrient-intake-mortality-among-u