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telengiectasia
Dilation of the capillaries & occasionally arterioles resulting in a macular angioma.
Etiology:
1) primary cutaneous disorders
a) linear*
- acne rosacea
- sun-damaged skin
- venous hypertension
- essential telangiectasia
b) poikiloderma
- ionizing radiation
- poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans
c) spider angioma
- idiopathic
2) systemic disorders
a) linear*
- carcinoid
- ataxia telangiectasia
- mastocytosis (telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans {TMEP})
b) poikiloderma
- dermatomyositis (also periungual)
- xeroderma pigmentosum
c) spider angioma
- cirrhosis
- pregnancy
d) periungual
- lupus erythematosus
- scleroderma
e) papular:
- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)
* see clinical manifestations
Pathology:
1) vasodilatation
2) damage to supportive connective tissue
3) proliferation of blood vessels
- increased circulating estrogens may be a factor
Clinical manifestations:
1) may appear as a birthmark
2) may occur anywhere on the skin, but occur most frequently on the face, arms, upper trunk & thighs
3) linear telangiectasias
a) appear as simple red or blue line that disappears with diascopy (blanchable erythema)
b) may be associated with flushing, erythema, papulo- pustules, rhinophyma (rosacea)
c) may be associated with hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation & keratosis (sun-damaged skin)
d) netlike sheets (essential telangiectasias)*
* image [3]
Related
ataxia telangiectasia; Louis-Bar syndrome
hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome
Specific
hemorrhagic telangiectasia
nail fold telangiectasia
periungual telangiectasia
spider angioma (nevus araneus, arterial spider)
General
cutaneous hemangioma
References
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed.
Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY,
1994, pg 294
- Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, FA Davis, Philadelphia, 1977
- Matthews S, Dallo C, Tate J.
Images in Dermatology. Generalized Essential Telangiectasia.
JAMA Dermatol. 2023;159(6):661.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2804016