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restrictive lung disease
Etiology:
1) parenchymal disorders
- sarcoidosis
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (50-70 years, most common ILD)
- pneumoconiosis
- hypersensitivity pneumonitis (bird fancier's lung, farmer's lung)
- drug or radiation-induced interstitial lung disease
- amiodarone toxicity
2) extra-parenchymal disorders
a) neuromuscular disease
- diaphragmatic weakness/paralysis
- myasthenia gravis
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- muscular dystrophies
- cervical spine injury
b) chest wall
- kyphoscoliosis
- obesity
- ankylosing spondylitis
Laboratory:
- arterial blood gas
Radiology:
- chest X-ray may show only low lung volume with neuromuscular disease
- infiltrates suggest interstitial lung disease
- high-resolution computed tomography if pulmonary function testing suggests pathology not revealed by chest X-ray
Special laboratory:
- pulmonary function testing
- decreased total lung capacity < 80%
- FEV1/FVC > 75%
- decreased residual volume suggests interstitial lung disease
- increased residual volume suggests neuromuscular disease [2]
Related
pulmonary function test (PFT)
General
lung disease
References
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed.
Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 1155
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012