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red urine
Etiology:
1) hematuria
2) hemoglobinuria
3) myoglobinuria
4) pharmaceutical agents
a) pyridium, phenazopyridine
b) phenytoin
c) ibuprofen
d) chloroquine
e) cascara laxatives
f) L-dopa
g) methyldopa (Aldomet)
h) quinine
i) nitrofurantoin
j) rifampin
k) sulfonamides
l) doxorubicin
m) deferoxamine
n) iron sorbitol
o) phenolphrhalein
5) foods
a) berries
b) fava beans
c) food coloring
d) rhubarb
e) mushrooms
f) beets
6) metabolites
- bile pigments
- homogentisic acid
- melanin
- methemoglobin
- porphyrin
- tyrosinosis
- urates
Laboratory:
- urinalysis with urine microscopy
- urine cell count
- urine crystals
- urinary casts
- urine protein
- serum creatinine
General
urine color
References
- Chan & Winkle, Diagnostic History & Physical Examination,
Current Clinical Strategies Publishing. Laguna Hills, 1996
- UpToDate Online
http://www.utdol.com