Search
trefoil factor 1; protein pS2; polypeptide P1.A; hP1.A; breast cancer estrogen-inducible protein; PNR-2 (TFF1, BCEI, PS2)
Function:
- stabilizer of the mucous gel overlying the gastrointestinal mucosa that provides a physical barrier against various noxious agents
- may inhibit the growth of Ca+2 oxalate crystals in urine
- heterodimer with GKN2; disulfide linked
Structure: contains 1 P-type (trefoil) domain
Compartment: secreted
Expression:
- found in stomach, with highest levels in the upper gastric mucosal cells (at protein level)
- detected in goblet cells of the small & large intestine & rectum, small submucosal glands in the esophagus, mucous acini of the sublingual gland, submucosal glands of the trachea, & epithelial cells lining the exocrine pancreatic ducts but not in the remainder of the pancreas (at protein level)
- scattered expression is detected in the epithelial cells of the gallbladder & submucosal glands of the vagina
- weak expression is observed in the bronchial goblet cells of pseudostratified epithelia in the respiratory system (at protein level)
- detected in urine (at protein level)
- strongly expressed in breast cancer but at low levels in normal mammary tissue
- regulated by estrogen in MCF-7 cells
- strong expression found in normal gastric mucosa & in the regenerative tissues surrounding ulcerous lesions of gastrointestinal tract, but lower expression found in gastric cancer (at protein level)
Pathology:
- expressed in a number of carcinomas including:
a) breast carcinoma (50%)
b) pancreatic carcinoma (70-75%)
c) gastric carcinoma (50-55%)
d) colorectal carcinoma (58%)
General
growth factor
secreted protein
Properties
SIZE: entity length = 84 aa
MW = 9 kD
COMPARTMENT: extracellular compartment
MOTIF: signal sequence {1-24}
P-type {29-72}
MOTIF: cysteine residue {C31}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C57}
cysteine residue {C41}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C56}
cysteine residue {C51}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C68}
cysteine residue {C56}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C41}
cysteine residue {C57}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C31}
cysteine residue {C68}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C51}
glutamate-rich region {79-83}
MOTIF: glutamate residue (SEVERAL)
Database Correlations
OMIM 113710
UniProt P04155
Pfam PF00088
Entrez Gene 7031
Kegg hsa:7031
References
- UniProt :accession P04155
- Atlas of Genetics & Cytogenetics in Oncology & Haematology
http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/genes/TFF1ID201.html