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placental growth factor; PlGF (PGF, PGFL, PLGF)
Function:
- growth factor active in angiogenesis & endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation & migration.
- controls blood vessel formation & permeability through interactions with two endothelial tyrosine kinase receptors: FLT1 & KDR/FLK1
- PlGF-2 binds NRP1/neuropilin-1 & NRP2/neuropilin-2 (heparin-dependent)
- forms heterodimer with VEGFA/VEGF
- isoform PlGF-3 is found both as homodimer & as monomer
Structure:
- N-glycosylated
- antiparallel homodimer; disulfide-linked
- isoform PlGF-2 contains a basic insert which acts as a cell retention signal
- belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family
Compartment:
- secreted
- PlGF-2 appears to remain cell attached unless released by heparin
Alternative splicing:
- named isoforms=3; PlGF-1, PlGF-2, PlGF-3
Expression:
- present in most placental tissues
- PlGF-2 is specific to early (8 week) placenta
- only PlGF-1 is found in the colon & mammary carcinomas
Pathology:
- plasma placental growth factor levels are decreased in women with pre-eclampsia [2]
Laboratory:
- placental growth factor in serum
Related
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1; VEGFR-1; vascular permeability factor receptor; tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT; Flt-1; tyrosine-protein kinase FRT; Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1, FLT, FRT)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; VEGFR-2; kinase insert domain receptor; protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Flk-1; CD309 (KDR, FLK1)
General
glycoprotein
growth factor
Properties
SIZE: entity length = 221 aa
MW = 25 kD
MOTIF: signal sequence {1-18}
N-glycosylation site {N33}
cysteine residue {C52}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C94}
cysteine residue {C77}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C-INTERCHAIN}
cysteine residue {C83}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C128}
cysteine residue {C86}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C-INTERCHAIN}
cysteine residue {C87}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C130}
cysteine residue {C94}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C52}
N-glycosylation site {N101}
cysteine residue {C128}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C83}
cysteine residue {C130}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C87}
binding site
SITE: 193-213
FOR-BINDING-OF: heparin
Database Correlations
OMIM 601121
UniProt P49763
Pfam PF00341
Entrez Gene 5228
Kegg hsa:5228
References
- UniProt :accession P49763
- Zeisler H et al
Predictive Value of the sFlt-1:PlGF Ratio in Women with
Suspected Preeclampsia.
N Engl J Med 2016; 374:13-22. January 7, 2016
PMID: 26735990
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1414838
- Seely EW, Solomon CG
Improving the Prediction of Preeclampsia
N Engl J Med 2016; 374:83-84. January 7, 2016
PMID: 26735997
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1515223