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phospholipase-A2 [PLA2] type 2 (membrane-associated PLA2, MOM-1 protein, modifier of multiple intestinal neoplasia [Min], synovial phospholipase A2, phospholipase A2 polypeptide B, pancreatic-like phospholipase A2, phospholipase A2 group 2A, PLA2G2A, NPS-PLA2, RASF-A)

Function: - role in regulation of phospholipid metabolism in biomembranes including eicosanoid biosynthesis (putative) - catalyzes Ca+2-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides - substrate specificity PE, PS >> PC - no fatty acid specificity in sn-2 position - released in response to inflammatory signals including IL-1, IL-6 or TNF - ceramide may be a second messenger in the activation of PLA2 by cytokines [4] phosphatidylcholine + H2O 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate Cofactor: binds 1 Ca+2 per subunit Structure: belongs to the phospholipase A2 family Compartment: - peripheral membrane - found in many cells & also extracellularly - membrane-bound & secreted forms are identical & are encoded by a single gene

Related

ceramide

General

membrane protein phospholipase A2; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase (PLA2) secreted protein

Properties

SIZE: entity length = 144 aa MW = 16 kD COMPARTMENT: cellular membrane plasma synovial fluid MOTIF: signal sequence {1-20} cysteine residue {C46} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C137} Ca+2-binding site SITE: 47-47 cysteine residue {C48} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C64} Ca+2-binding site SITE: 49-49 Ca+2-binding site SITE: 51-51 cysteine residue {C63} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C117} cysteine residue {C64} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C48} histidine residue {H67} Ca+2-binding site SITE: 68-68 cysteine residue {C69} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C144} cysteine residue {C70} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C110} cysteine residue {C79} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C103} cysteine residue {C97} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C108} cysteine residue {C103} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C79} cysteine residue {C108} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C97} cysteine residue {C110} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C70} aspartate residue {D111} cysteine residue {C117} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C63} cysteine residue {C137} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C46} cysteine residue {C144} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C69} SECRETED-BY: platelet hepatocyte synovial cell

Database Correlations

OMIM 172411 UniProt P14555 Pfam PF00068 Entrez Gene 5320 KEGG correlations ENZYME 3.1.1.4

References

  1. Mayer RJ, Marshall LA. New insights on mammalian phospholipase A2(s); comparison of arachidonoyl-selective and -nonselective enzymes. FASEB J. 1993 Feb 1;7(2):339-48. Review. PMID: 8440410
  2. Kramer RM, Hession C, Johansen B, Hayes G, McGray P, Chow EP, Tizard R, Pepinsky RB. Structure and properties of a human non-pancreatic phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1989 Apr 5;264(10):5768-75. PMID: 2925633
  3. Glaser KB, Mobilio D, Chang JY, Senko N. Phospholipase A2 enzymes: regulation and inhibition. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1993 Mar;14(3):92-8. Review. PMID: 8488570
  4. Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Ceramide: an intracellular signal for apoptosis. Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 Feb;20(2):73-7. Review. PMID: 7701566