pharmaceutical agents associated with confusion

Etiology: - alfentanil (Alfenta) - alprazolam (Xanax) - amantadine or adamantamine (Symmetrel) - amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) - amoxapine (Asendin) - anastrozole (Arimidex) - atenolol (Tenormin) - atorvastatin (Lipitor) - atropine (Atropair, Atropine-Care) - aztreonam (Azactam) - baclofen (Lioresal) - benzathine penicillin (Bicillin L-A) - benzodiazepine - benztropine (Cogentin) - beta adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker) - betamethasone (Celestone, Diprosone, Valisone, Diprolene, Soluspan) - bicalutamide (Casodex) - bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, BSS) - bretylium (Bretylol) - bromocriptine (Parlodel) - bupivacaine (Marcaine, Sensorcaine) - bupropion (Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Zyban) - buspirone (BuSpar) - butalbital - butorphanol (Stadol, Stadol NS) - carbamazepine (Tegretol, Atretol, Eiptol, Carbatrol) - chloral [hydrate] (Noctec) - chlorambucil (Leukeran) - chlordiazepoxide (Librium) - chloroprocaine (Nesacaine) - cidofovir (Vistide) - cimetidine (Tagamet) - ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Ciloxan) - citalopram (Celexa, nitalapram) - clomipramine (Anafranil) - clonazepam (Klonopin) - clorazepate (Tranxene) - codeine - cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) - cycloserine (Seromycin, Pulvules) - cytosine arabinoside or cytarabine (Cytosar, ARA-C, HiDAC, Depocyt) - dantrolene (Dantrium) - desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane) - dextromethorphan - diazepam (Vallium, Diastat) - dicyclomine (Bentyl) - digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) - disulfiram (Antabuse) - donepezil (Aricept) - doxepin (Sinequan, Adapin, Zonalon) - esmolol (Brevibloc) - ethambutol (Myambutol) - fenoprofen (Nalfon) - fentanyl (Sublimaze, Duragesic, Fentanyl Oralet, Actiq) - FK506 (tacrolimus, Prograf) - flavoxate (Urispas) - flecainide (Tambocor) - flucytosine (Ancobin) - flurazepam (Dalmane) - flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Ocufen) - flutamide (Eulexin) - foscarnet (Foscavir) - ganciclovir (DHPG, Cytovene, Vitrasert) - glycerol or glycerin (Osmoglyn) - glycopyrrolate (Robinul) - griseofulvin (Fulvicin, Grifulvin, Grisactin) - guanethidine (Ismelin) - hydrocodone (Hycodan) - ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, Rufen) - ifosfamide (Ifex) - imipramine (Tofranil, Janimine) - indomethacin (Indocin) - insulin - interferon [IFN]-beta 1A (Avonex) - interferon [IFN]-beta 1B (betaseron) - L-deprenyl (Selegiline, Eldepryl) - levodopa (L-dopa, Dopar, Larodopa) - lidocaine (Xylocaine) - lorazepam (Ativan) - loxapine (Loxitane) - meclofenamate (Meclomen) - mefenamic acid (Ponstel) - mefloquine (Lariam) - meperidine (Demerol) - mephenytoin, methoin or methylphenylethylhydantoin (Mesantoin) - mephobarbital (Mebaral) - mepivacaine (Carbocaine) - meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown) - meropenem (Merrem) - methadone (Dolophine, Methadose) - methylene blue - methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) - methysergide (Sansert) - metoprolol (Lopressor Toprol XL) - mexiletine (Mexitil) - midodrine (ProAmatine) - mirtazapine (Remeron) - mitomycin C (Mutamycin) - mitotane (Lysodren) - morphine (morphine sulfate [MS], MS Contin, Roxanol, Oramorph SR, Kadian, Avinza) - nalbuphine (Nubain) - naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve Anaprox) - nefazodone (Serzone, Dutonin, Nefador, Nefirel, Rezeril) - non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent (NSAID) - nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor) - oxazepam (Serax) - oxycodone (Roxicodone, OxyContin, OxyIR, OxyFast) - oxymorphone (Numorphan) - parasympatholytic (anticholinergic, antimuscarinic agent) - penicillin - penicillin G - pentobarbital (Nembutal) - pentostatin (Nipent, DCF, 2'deoxycoformycin) - pergolide (Permax) - phenobarbital (Luminal, Barbita, Solfoton, PB, PHB) - phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline) - phenytoin or diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin, Dephenylan) - piperacillin (Pipracil) - piroxicam (Feldene) - podophyllin or podophyllum resin (Podocon-25, Podofin) - pramipexole (Mirapex) - prazepam (Centrax) - primidone or desoxyphenobarbital (Primaclone, Mysoline) - procainamide (Procan Pronestyl-SR) - procaine penicillin (Wycillin) - procarbazine (Matulane) - propantheline (Pro-Banthine) - propofol (Diprivan) - propranolol (Inderal) - protriptyline (Vivactil) - quinidine [gluconate (Quinaglute, Quinalan) & sulfate (Quinidex, Quinora - ranitidine (Zantac) - rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane) - ritonavir (Norvir) - ropinirole (Requip) - saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase) - scopolamine (Transderm Scop, Hyoscine) - sotalol (Betapace) - sufentanil (Sufenta) - sulindac (Clinoril) - tamoxifen (Novaldex) - temazepam (Restoril) - tocainide (Tonocard) - tolcapone (Tasmar) - topiramate (Topamax) - trazodone (Desyrel) - tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) - thiethylperazine (Torecan, Norzine) - trihexyphenidyl (Artane, Trihexy) - trimipramine (Surmontil) - valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote, Divalproex) - vincristine, 22-oxovincaleukoblastine or leurocristine (Oncovin, Vincasar PFS) - zidovudine or azidothymidine (Retrovir, AZT)

References

Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999