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orofacial dystonia; orofacial dyskinesia; Meige's syndrome; Brueghel's syndrome
Distinguish from Meigs' syndrome & primary cranial dystonia.
Etiology: -idiopathic
Epidemiology:
- most common 30-70 years of age
- more common in women; ratio: 2:1
- 1 in 20,000
Pathology:
- blepharospasm
- oromandibular dystonia
Clinical manifestations:
- oromandibular dystonia
- trismus
- bruxism
- spasms of jaw opening
- sideways deviation or protrusion of the jaw
- lip tightening & pursing
- retraction of the corners of the mouth
- deviation or protrusion of the tongue
- jaw pain
- difficulties eating & drinking
- dysarthria
- blepharospasm
- increased rate of blinking (1st symptom)
- uncontrollable squinting/closing of eyes
- photophobia
- squinting/eyes closing during speech
- uncontrollable eyes closing shut
- dystonic spasms may sometimes be provoked by
- talking
- chewing
- biting
Differential diagnosis:
- primary cranial dystonia
Complications:
- uncontrollable & complete closing of eyes resulting in functional blindness
Management:
- no cure
- sensory tricks may sometimes temporarily alleviate symptoms
- chewing gum
- talking,
- placing a toothpick in the mouth
- lightly touching the lips or chin,
- applying pressure beneath the chin
- Botox
Related
Meigs' syndrome
primary cranial dystonia; idiopathic tosional dystonia
General
dystonia
dyskinesia
References
- Wikipedia: Meige's syndrome
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meige%27s_syndrome