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neurotransmitter
Function:
- a specific molecule released by a presynaptic neuron at a chemical synapse that crosses the synaptic cleft & binds to a synaptic receptor on the postsynaptic neuronforming the chemical synapse producing an inhibitory or stimulatory effect on the postsynaptic neuron (neurotransmission)
- more than one neurotransmitter may be released at any particular chemical synapse
- the neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft may modulate neurotransmitter release through binding to presynaptic receptors
Neurotransmitters include:
- acetylcholine (always 1st neurotransmitter out of CNS)
- 5 amines
- 4 amino acids
- 2 purines
- > 28 peptides
- 2 gases*
* nitric oxide may be a retrograde neurotransmitter released from postsynaptic neurons, inducing effects in presynaptic neurons.
* carbon monoxide (CO) is formed by heme oxygenase
Related
neurotransmission
Specific
acetylcholine (Miochol, Pragmoline)
adenosine (Adenocard, Adenoscan)
endorphin
galanin; galanin peptide; GMAP (GAL, GAL1, GALN GLNN)
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, Gammalone, Mielomade)
glutamate
hypocretin; orexin (HCRT, OX, PPORX, PPOX)
inosine
neurotensin/neuromedin N; contains: large neuromedin N (NmN-125), neuromedin N (NN, NmN), neurotensin (NT), tail peptide (NTS)
serotonin; 5-hydroxytryptamine
substance-P
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP); [precursor contains: intestinal peptide PHV-42; intestinal peptide PHM-27; peptide histidine methioninamide 27; vasoactive intestinal peptide]
vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
General
bioagent
molecule
References
Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999