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nephrotoxic substances
Etiology:
1) Metals
- antimony
- arsenic
- bismuth
- cadmium
- copper
- germanium
- gold
- iron
- lead
- lithium
- mercurials
- silver
- thallium
- uranium
2) Analgesics
- acetaminophen (toxic levels)
- aminopyrene
- hydrocodone (Hycodan)
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- non-specific & selective COX-2 inhibitors
- phenacetin
- phenylbutazone
- salicylates
3) Antimicrobial agents
- aminoglycosides
- amphotericin B
- capreomycin (Capastat)
- cephalosporins
- cephaloridine
- cephalothin
- colistin
- cotrimoxazole
- melarsoprol
- neomycin (Mycifradin)
- penicillins
- polymixin B
- rifampin
- streptomycin
- sulfonamides
- tetracyclines
- vancomycin
4) Antiviral agents
- acyclovir (ACV, Zovirax)
- cidofovir (Vistide)
- foscarnet
5) Antineoplastic agents
- carboplatin (CDBCA, Paraplatin)
- cisplatin
- cyclophosphamide
- ifosfamide
- methotrexate (high dose)
- mitomycin C (Mutamycin)
- nitrosoureas
- lomustine
- semustine
- plicamycin (mithramycin)
- streptozocin
6) Organic solvents
- benzene
- carbon tetrachloride
- ethylene glycol
- tetrachloroethylene
7) Other pharmaceuticals
- acetazolamide
- aminogluthemide (Cytadren)
- epsilon-aminocaproic acid
- aminosalicylic acid
- boric acid
- captopril
- cyclosporine
- dextran (low molecular weight)
- dimercaprol (BAL, British anti-Lewisite, dithioglycerol)
- FK506 (tacrolimus, Prograf)
- furosemide
- mannitol
- methoxyflurane
- omeprazole (tubulointerstitial nephritis)
- pamidronate (Aredia)
- d-penicillamine
- pentamidine
- phenindione
- quinine
- radiographic contrast media
- thiazides
- triamterene
- zoxazolamine
Related
nephrotoxicity (renal toxicity)
References
- Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed. Teitz ed.,
W.B. Saunders, 1995
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 18
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2018