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macroglossia
Englargement or hypertrophy of the tongue.
Etiology:
- most common
- amyloidosis especially from multiple myeloma
- congenital hypothyroidism
- genetic syndromes
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- immunodeficiency, centromere instability & facial anomalies syndrome
- acromegaly
- Hurler syndrome
- congenital
- idiopathic muscle hypertrophy
- gland hyperplasia
- hemangioma
- lymphangioma
- Down syndrome
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
- Behmel syndrome
- lingual thyroid
- gargoylism
- transient neonatal diabetes mellitus
- trisomy 22
- Laband syndrome
- lethal dwarfism of Blomstrand
- mucopolysaccharidoses
- skeletal dysplasia of Urbach
- Tollner syndrome
- microcephaly & hamartoma of Wiedemann
- ganglioside storage disease type 1
- acquired
- metabolic/endocrine
- hypothyroidism, cretinism
- diabetes mellitus
- inflammatory/infectious
- syphilis
- amebic dysentery
- pneumonia
- smallpox
- typhoid
- tuberculosis
- actinomycosis
- giant cell arteritis
- Ludwig angina
- pemphigus vulgaris
- rheumatic fever
- candidiasis
- scurvy
- pellagra
- systemic
- uremia
- Myxedema
- generalized hypertrophy
- acromegaly
- neurofibromatosis
- iatrogenic macroglossia
- traumatic
- surgery
- hemorrhage
- direct trauma (eg, biting)
- intubation injury
- radiation therapy
- neoplastic
- lingual thyroid
- lymphangioma
- hemangioma
- carcinoma
- plasmacytoma
- infiltrative
- amyloidosis
- light-chain amyloidosis [3] (image)
- sarcoidosis
Epidemiology: rare
Differential diagnosis:
- pseudomacroglossia
General
tongue disease
hypertrophy
References
- Wikepedia: macroglossia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroglossia
- Thrasher ED and Allen GC
Macroglossia
eMedicine
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/873658-overview
- Alves J, Marto N.
Macroglossia in Light-Chain Amyloidosis.
N Engl J Med 2018; 378:2321. June 14, 2018.
PMID: 29897852
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1716472