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infectious arthritis in the elderly

Etiology: 1) most common causative organisms a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Streptococcus c) gram negative bacilli increasing in frequency 2) risk factors a) cancer b) immunosuppression c) chronic illness 1] diabetes mellitus (24% of patients) 2] chronic renal failure d) prosthetic joint surgeries e) chronic arthritis f) recent procedures Pathology: - knee is most common joint Clinical manifestations: 1) frequently afebrile 2) joint out of sync 3) (see infectious arthritis) Laboratory: 1) complete blood count - WBC is often normal on presentation 2) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) a) usually elevated b) average value 79 mm/hr Radiology: - 71% have radiologic evidence of pre-existing joint disease Complications: 1) 38% develop osteomyelitis 2) 19% mortality due to sepsis Differential diagnosis: 1) sexually transmitted disease 2) cellulitis 4) regional sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) 5) bursitis 6) osteomyelitis 7) crystalline arthropathy (gout, pseudogout) Management: see infectious arthritis

General

infections in the elderly infectious arthritis (septic arthritis)

References

  1. Weiner S, In: UCLA Intensive Course in Geriatric Medicine & Board Review, Marina Del Ray, CA, Sept 12-15, 2001