Contents

Search

immunization (vaccination)

Indications: - adult immunization schedule, see [11,24,33,35] - all health care providers should be immunized against: [17] - influenza (yearly) - diphtheria (Tdap) (one time) - hepatitis B - measles - mumps - rubella - pertussis - varicella - vaccines should be administered before planned immunosuppression [20] - live vaccines at least 4 weeks beforehand - inactivated vaccines at least 2 weeks beforehand Epidemiology: - vaccination rates among adults are low Complications: - syncope [4] - fever [ICD9] - rash [ICD9] - arthropathy [ICD9] - delayed hypersensitivity reactions - multiple sclerosis within 30 days (RR=1.57, absolute risk low) [27] - local reactions - topical liposomal lidocaine at site of vaccination may reduce vaccination discomfort for infants [32] - no difference frequency when vaccine administered in arm vs thigh - except for DTaP in children 1-6 years - see individual vaccine Comparative biology: - genes for broadly neutralizing antibodies inserted into an adenoviral gene-therapy vector in mice & ferrets infected many respiratory tract cells & resulted in secretion of Ab that protected the animals from lethal inocula of several strains of influenza virus [19] Notes: - compliance with immunization schedules in children reduces risk of hospitalization for any infection [21] - editorialists suggest non-specifc effect of vaccines - reminders improve vaccination rates (~8%) [34] - postcards, text messages, & automated phone calls each improve vaccination rates [34] - when a vaccine series is interrupted, resume (rather than restart) vaccination schedule [30,31]

Related

travel medicine (traveler's health) vaccine

Specific

active immunization adolescent immunization alloimmunization childhood immunization elderly immunization HIV1 immunization immunization during pregnancy; maternal immunization passive immunization vaccination after bone marrow transplantation vaccination in patients with Hodgkin's disease vaccination with intense chemotherapy vectored immunoprophylaxis (vectored immunization)

General

clinical procedure

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccines & Immunizations: Immunization Schedules http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/default.htm
  2. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule: United States, 2006. Pediatrics. 2006 Jan;117(1):239-40. No abstract available. PMID: 16396888 - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule: United States, 2005. Pediatrics. 2005 Jan;115(1):182. PMID: 15630000 http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/115/1/182 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/115/1/182 - COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES. Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule-United States, 2017. Pediatrics. 2017 Mar;139(3). pii: e20164007. Epub 2017 Feb 6. PMID: 28167516 - Wodi AP, Murthy N, McNally V et al. Advisory committee on immunization practices recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger - United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 Feb 10; 72:137-140. PMID: 36757872 PMCID: PMC9925138 Free PMC article https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7206a1.htm
  3. Willis BC, Ndiaye SM, Hopkins DP, Shefer A; Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Improving influenza, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged <65 years at high risk: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005 Apr 1;54(RR-5):1-11. PMID: 15800472 Corresponding MGC guideline withdrawn Jan 2011 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
  4. Flanagan-Klygis EA, Sharp L, Frader JE. Dismissing the family who refuses vaccines: a study of pediatrician attitudes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Oct;159(10):929-34. PMID: 16203937 - Hendricks JW. Does immunization refusal warrant discontinuing a physician- patient relationship? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Oct;159(10):994. No abstract available. PMID: 16203948
  5. Woo EJ, Ball R, Braun MM. Fatal syncope-related fall after immunization. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Nov;159(11):1083. No abstract available. PMID: 16275804
  6. Kroger AT, Atkinson WL, Marcuse EK, Pickering LK; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006 Dec 1;55(RR-15):1-48. PMID: 17136024 corresponding NGC guideline withdrawn Dec 2016
  7. The American Academy of (AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have updated the Recommended Immunization Schedules for Children and Adolescents - United States, 2007 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/data/119/1/207/DC1/1
  8. Prescriber's Letter 14(2): 2007 Adult and Pediatric Immunization Update - 2007 Detail-Document#: 230209 (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  9. Prescriber's Letter 14(9): 2007 Immunization Update 2007 Detail-Document#: 230923 (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  10. Roush SW et al, Historical comparisons of morbidity and mortality for vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States. JAMA 2007, 298:2155 PMID: 18000199
  11. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommended adult immunization schedule: United States, 2010. Ann Intern Med 2010 Jan 5; 152:36. PMID: 20048270 - Hopkins RH Jr and Vyas KS. Adult immunization guidelines: Challenges and opportunities. Ann Intern Med 2010 Jan 5; 152:59. PMID: 20048274 - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule: United States, 2012* Annals of Internal Medicine January 31, 2012 PMID: 22298576 http://www.annals.org/content/early/2012/01/30/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00388.full - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommended adult immunization schedule: United States, 2013. Ann Intern Med 2013 Feb 5; 158:191 PMID: 23358660 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1567229 - Murthy N Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2024 Ann Intern Med 2024. Jan 12 PMID: 38206843 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-3269
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations and Guidelines - Adult immunization schedule http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/recs/schedules/adult-schedule.htm - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule - United States, 2010 January 15, 2010 / 59(01);1-4 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5901a5.htm - Adult preventive health care: immunization University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) http://cme.med.umich.edu/pdf/guideline/immunizations05.pdf http://cme.med.umich.edu/iCME/Imms07/guideline.asp
  13. Kroger AT et al General Recommendations on Immunization Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommendations and Reports Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) January 28, 2011 / 60(RR02);1-60 PMID: 21293327 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6002a1.htm - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule --- United States, 2011 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)MMWR February 4, 2011 / 60(04);1-4 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6004a10.htm corresponding NGC guideline withdrawn Dec 2016
  14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0 Through 18 Years --- United States, 2011 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) February 11, 2011 / 60(05);1-4 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6005a6.htm - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0 Through 18 Years - United States, 2014 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) February 3, 2014 / 63(Early Release);1-2 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm63e0203a1.htm - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Birth-18 Years & "Catch-up" Immunization Schedules United States, 2014 http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html
  15. Shefer A et al Immunization of Health-Care Personnel Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) November 25, 2011 / 60(RR07);1-45 PMID: 22108587 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm
  16. Jackson LA et al Vaccination Site and Risk of Local Reactions in Children 1 Through 6 Years of Age. Pediatrics. January 14, 2013 PMID: 23319538 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/01/08/peds.2012-2617.abstract
  17. American College of Physicians calls for immunizations for all health care providers. http://www.acponline.org/pressroom/hcp_vaccinations.htm?hp
  18. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule: United States, 2013 Ann Intern Med. 29 January 2013 PMID: 23358660 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1567229 - Bridges CB et al Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older: United States, 2014. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(3):190-197-197 PMID: 24658695 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819123 - Bridges CB, Coyne-Beasley T Advisory committee on immunization practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older - United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Feb 7;63(5):110-2. PMID: 24500291
  19. Limberis MP et al. Intranasal antibody gene transfer in mice and ferrets elicits broad protection against pandemic influenza. Sci Transl Med 2013 May 29; 5:187ra72 PMID: 23720583 http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/5/187/187ra72?ijkey=fab6c37f832d4a8c3b8456b1f7128df257547948&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
  20. Rubin LG et al 2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for Vaccination of the Immunocompromised Host. Clin Infect Dis. (2013) Dec 4 PMID: 24311479 http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/11/26/cid.cit684.full.pdf+html
  21. Sorup S et al Live Vaccine Against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella and the Risk of Hospital Admissions for Nontargeted Infections. JAMA. 2014;311(8):826-835. PMID: 24570246 https://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1832541 - Goldblatt D and Miller E Nonspecific Effects of Vaccines. JAMA. 2014;311(8):804-805 PMID: 24570243 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1832518
  22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adult Vaccination. Recommended Vaccines for Healthcare Workers. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/hcw.html
  23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0 Through 18 years and Adults Aged 19 Years and Older United States, 2013 MMWR. January 28, 2013 / 62(Early Release);1-19 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm62e0128a1.htm - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2014 Recommended Immunizations for Children from Birth Through 6 Years Old. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf
  24. Bridges CB et al. Advisory committee on immunization practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older: United States, 2014. Ann Intern Med 2014 Feb 4; 160:190. PMID: 24658695 - Hurley LP et al. U.S. physicians' perspective of adult vaccine delivery. Ann Intern Med 2014 Feb 4; 160:161 PMID: 24658693 - Kim DK et al Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older: United States, 2015* Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(3):214-223 PMID: 25643306 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2107750 - Fryhofer SA Adult Immunization 2015: Another Pearl of Pneumococcal Protection. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(3):235-236 PMID: 25643308 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2107757 - Kim DK, Riley LE, Harrima KH et al Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2017. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(3):209-219 PMID: 28166560 http://annals.org/aim/article/2601209/recommended-immunization-schedule-adults-aged-19-years-older-united-states - Kim DK, Riley LE, Harriman KH, Hunter P, Bridges CB. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Feb 10;66(5):136-138. PMID: 28182599 Free Article - Murthy N Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2024 Ann Intern Med 2024. Jan 12 PMID: 38206843 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-3269
  25. Maglione MA et al Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization of US Children: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics; published online July 1, 2014 PMID: 25086160 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/06/26/peds.2014-1079.full.pdf+html - Byington CL Vaccines: Can Transparency Increase Confidence and Reduce Hesitancy? Pediatrics; published online July 1, 2014 PMID: 25086161 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/06/26/peds.2014-1494.full.pdf+html
  26. US Department of Health and Human Services Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality. July 2014 Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/evidence-based-reports/vaccinestp.html
  27. Langer-Gould A et al. Vaccines and the risk of multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system demyelinating diseases. JAMA Neurol 2014 Oct 20 PMID: 25329096 http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1917549
  28. Williams WW et al Vaccination Coverage Among Adults, Excluding Influenza Vaccination - United States, 2013. MMWR. Weekly. February 6, 2015 / 64(04);95-102 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6404a6.htm
  29. Kim DK, Bridges CB, Harrima KH Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older: United States, 2016 Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(3):184-194 PMID: 26829913 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2484895
  30. Kim DK, Bridges CB, Harriman KH; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP); ACIP Adult Immunization Work Group. Advisory committee on immunization practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older- United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Feb 6;64(4):91-2. PMID: 25654609 Free Article - Kim DK, Riley LE, Harrima KH et al Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2017. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(3):209-219 PMID: 28166560 http://annals.org/aim/article/2601209/recommended-immunization-schedule-adults-aged-19-years-older-united-states - Kim DK, Riley LE, Harriman KH, Hunter P, Bridges CB. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Feb 10;66(5):136-138. PMID: 28182599 Free Article
  31. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018.
  32. Taddio A, Pillai Riddell R, Ipp M et al Relative effectiveness of additive pain interventions during vaccination in infants CMAJ December 12, 2016 PMID: 27956393 http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2016/12/12/cmaj.160542.full.pdf+html
  33. Kim DK, Riley LE, Hunter P, on behalf of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older, United States, 2018. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(3):210-220. PMID: 29404596 http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2671913/recommended-immunization-schedule-adults-aged-19-years-older-united-states - Freedman MS, Ault K, Bernstein H. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older - United States, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70:193-196. PMID: 33571173 - Murthy N Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2024 Ann Intern Med 2024. Jan 12 PMID: 38206843 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-3269
  34. Jacobson Vann JC, Jacobson RM, Coyne-Beasly T et al Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates. Cochrane Reviews. Jan 18, 2018 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003941.pub3/abstract
  35. Kim DK, Hunter P. Recommended adult immunization schedule, United States, 2019. Ann Intern Med 2019 Feb 5; 170:182 PMID: 30716757 - Freedman M, Kroger A, Hunter P, Ault KA for the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2020. Ann Intern Med. 2020. Feb 4 PMID: 32016359 https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2760656/recommended-adult-immunization-schedule-united-states-2020 - Freedman MS, Bernstein H, Ault KA Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2021. Ann Intern Med 2021. Feb 11 PMID: 33571011 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-8080 - Murthy N, Wodi AP, Bernstein H et al Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2022 Ann Intern Med 2022. Feb 18 PMID: 35175828 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M22-0036 - Murthy N et al. Recommended adult immunization schedule, United States, 2023. Ann Intern Med 2023 Feb 10; [e-pub]. PMID: 36757885 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-0041 - Murthy N Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule, United States, 2024 Ann Intern Med 2024. Jan 12 PMID: 38206843 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-3269
  36. ARUP Consult: Immunization Status The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection & Interpretation https://www.arupconsult.com/content/immunization-status
  37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Immunization Schedules http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/index.html