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hyperamylasemia
Etiology:
1) acute abdominal emergencies
a) acute pancreatitis
b) perforated peptic ulcer
c) acute cholecystitis
d) intestinal obstruction with incipient strangulation
e) intestinal ischemia, intestinal infarction
f) ruptured aortic aneurysm or dissection
g) ruptured ectopic pregnancy
h) acute salpingitis
i) torsion of ovarian cyst or carcinoma
j) abdominal trauma with hematoma formation
k) perforated diverticulitis
l) postgastrectomy afferent loop obstruction
m) Crohn's disease
2) physiologic
a) pregnancy
b) salivary (S) hyperamylasemia
3) protein-bound hyperamylasemia
a) inborn macroamylasemia: attachment to albumin or globulin
b) IgA-bound:
1] celiac disease
2] lymphoma
3] immunoproliferative small bowel disease
c) IgG-bound:
1] chronic infection
2] liver disease
d) immune complex-bound:
1] AIDS
2] connective tissue disease
3] Sjogren's disease
4) decreased excretion of amylase
- acute & chronic renal failure
5) tumor-associated
a) cancer of the ovary
b) cancer of the lung
c) lymphoma
d) hematologic malignancy
e) radiation disease
6) miscellaneous
a) salivary gland disease
1] mumps
2] tumor
3] parotitis
b) ketoacidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis
c) postictal state
d) anorexia nervosa
e) alcoholism
f) post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Related
amylase
amylase in serum/plasma
amylase in urine
macroamylasemia
General
sign/symptom
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15, 16.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009, 2012