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histone
protein associated with nucleic acids; histones constitute approximately half the mass of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
Classification:
- 5 classes of histones: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
Function:
1) core component of nucleosome
2) the nucleosome is a histone octamer containing 2 molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 & H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer & 2 H2A-H2B heterodimers
Genetics:
- histone mRNAs differ from other eukaryotic mRNAs in that they do not end with a poly-A tail but a stem-loop
- proteins involved in histone mRNA processing include: MIF4GD
Related
histone acetylation
histone deacetylation
Specific
histone H2A-like 3; H2A.L.3 (H2AL3, H2AL1RP)
histone H2A.N; H2B.N; H2B.N variant histone 1 (H2BN1)
histone H4 (HIST1H4A, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4B, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4C, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4D, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4E, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4F, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4H, H4/H, H4FH, HIST1H4I, H4/M, H4FM, HIST1H4J, H4/E, H4FE, HIST1H4K, H4/D, H4FD, HIST1H4L, H4/K, H4FK, HIST2H4A, H4/N, H4F2, H4FN, HIST2H4, HIST2H4B, H4/O, H4FO, HIST4H4)
Histone H4-like protein type G (HIST1H4G H4/L H4FL)
histone-H1
histone-H2A
histone-H2B
histone-H3
General
nuclear protein
Properties
COMPARTMENT: cell nucleus
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 2000; pg 824
- UniProt :accession A9UHW6
- Grunstein M, Allis CD
Genetics, Biochemistry, and "Simple" Organisms Converge to
Unlock Secrets in Histone Biology. The 2018 Albert Lasker Basic
Medical Research Award.
JAMA. Published online September 11, 2018
PMID: 30208392
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2701744