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G-protein coupled receptor 120; free fatty acid receptor 4; G-protein coupled receptor 129; G-protein coupled receptor GT01; G-protein coupled receptor PGR4; omega-3 fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR4, GPR120, GPR129, O3FAR1, PGR4)
Function:
- receptor for unsaturated long-chain free fatty acids
- acts as a receptor for omega-3 fatty acids
- binding of the alpha-linolenic acid promotes the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 from GI tract [3]
- signals via a G(q)/G(11)-coupled pathway
- mediates robust anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in macrophages & adipocytes
- anti-inflammatory effects involve inhibition of TAK1 through a beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2)/TAB1-dependent effect, but independent of the G(q)/G(11)-coupled pathway
- mediates potent insulin sensitizing & antidiabetic effects by repressing macrophage-induced tissue inflammation
- may mediate the taste of fatty acids
- mediates free fatty acid-induced inhibition of apoptosis in enteroendocrine cells.
- may play a role in the regulation of adipocyte development & differentiation
- phosphorylated
- free fatty acid stimulation facilitates phosphorylation
- interacts with ARRB2 following docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) stimulation (putative)
Structure:
- belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
Compartment:
- cell membrane
- colocalized with ARRB2 following DHA treatment (putative)
Alternative splicing: named isoforms=2
Expression:
- abundant expression in the intestinal tract
- highly expressed in adipose tissue, small intestine & pancreas
- expression detected in differentiated adipocytes but not in preadipocytes
Polymorphism:
- genetic variations in FFAR4 define the body mass index quantitative trait locus 10 (BMIQ10) [2]
General
glycoprotein
G-protein coupled receptor; serpentine receptor
Properties
SIZE: MW = 42 kD
entity length = 377 aa
COMPARTMENT: cellular membrane
MOTIF: exoplasmic domain {1-45}
MOTIF: N-glycosylation site {N21}
transmembrane domain {46-66}
cytoplasmic loop {67-77}
MOTIF: arginine-rich region {67-71}
MOTIF: arginine residue (SEVERAL)
transmembrane domain {78-98}
exoplasmic loop {99-112}
transmembrane domain {113-133}
cytoplasmic loop {134-156}
transmembrane domain {157-177}
exoplasmic loop {178-204}
transmembrane domain {205-225}
cytoplasmic loop {226-284}
transmembrane domain {285-305}
exoplasmic loop {306-311}
transmembrane domain {312-332}
cytoplasmic domain {333-377}
Database Correlations
OMIM correlations
UniProt Q5NUL3
Pfam PF00001
Entrez Gene 338557
Kegg hsa:338557
References
- UniProt :accession Q5NUL3
- OMIM :accession 607514
- Hirasawa A, Tsumaya K, Awaji T et al
Free fatty acids regulate gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1
secretion through GPR120.
Nat Med. 2005 Jan;11(1):90-4
PMID: 15619630