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foot pain
Includes:
- heel pain
- metatarsalgia
Etiology:
- Achilles tendonitis
- Achilles tendon rupture
- bone spur
- bunions
- bursitis
- corns, calluses
- flatfeet
- fracture, stress fracture
- gout
- hammertoe, mallet toe
- high heels or poorly fitting shoes
- ingrown toenails
- metatarsalgia
- Morton's neuroma
- osteoarthritis
- peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy
- plantar fasciitis
- plantar warts
- poor posture, postural defects
- posterior tibial tendon rupture
- rheumatoid arthritis
- tarsal tunnel syndrome
Radiology:
- x-ray of foot if suspected fracture
Management:
1) see specific etiology
2) general
a) RICED: rest, ice, compression, elevation, Drugs (NSAIDs or other anti-inflammatory agent)
b) substitute activities that aggravate the pain
- running causes repetitive impact with the ground
- bicycling, elliptical trainers, step machines, swimming, or ski machines minimize impact
c) corrective prophylactic measures
- new shoes or the replacement of current shoe insoles
d) proper footwear fitting, including lacing & socks to eliminate compression & friction
e) additional supports added to the shoes
- heel pads or cushions, arch supports, & various wedges to help maintain the foot in a proper position
f) athletic shoes lose the elastic properties of the soles through usage & age; replace shoes every 6 months
g) replacement insoles can increase energy absorption & add support to the foot
h) corrective and off-the-shelf orthotics may also improve the biomechanics of the foot.
i) muscle strengthening & flexibility
j) control inflammation or disease related symptoms
k) biomechanical evaluation
Related
foot injury
Specific
heel pain
metatarsalgia (forefoot pain)
General
leg pain
foot disorder
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 14,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2006
- Mayo clinic: Foot pain
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/foot-pain/MY00082
- Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8)
Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds)
American Geriatrics Society, 2013
- Coughlin MJ.
Common causes of pain in the forefoot in adults.
J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000 Aug;82(6):781-90. Review.
PMID: 10990297