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epidemiology Alzheimer's disease

Epidemiology: 1) 4 million persons in USA affected - 6 million persons in USA with Alzheimer's dementia or mild cognitive impairment in 2017 [12,13] - 14-15 million persons in USA with Alzheimer's dementia or mild cognitive impairment by 2060 [12] 2) 4th leading cause of death; 46,000 deaths/year - deaths from Alzheimer's disease increased from 16.5 to 25.4 per 100,000 population 1999-2014 [9] - deaths due to Alzheimer disease 36.9 per 100,000 in 1st quarter of 2017 - mortality due to Alzheimer's disease has increased in elderly (> 65 years) from 129 per 100,000 to 200 per 100,000 in 2014 [7] - Alzheimer's death rates higher in women than men, & in whites than other racial/ethnic groups [9] 3) 35% of dementia pure AD; 15% mixed AD/vascular dementia [2] 4) 5% age 65-74; 15-25% age 75-84; 35-50% > 85 years of age 55% of women, 37% of men at age 95 years [3] 5) prevalence of 42% by age 82 years [10] 6) 70% of women & 17% of men > age 90 (ADAMS study, 2006) 7) 13% of 78 million "baby boomers" expected to develop Alzheimer's disease; 17% of women, 9% of men [7] 8) assuming a lifespan of 75-80 years, lifetime risk of AD is 10-12% (GRS8) [7] 9) cost >$50 billion/year 10) prevalence of neuropathologically-defined AD may be substantially higher than clinically-defined AD (2x) [1] 11) subjective memory impairment may precede clinically-defined AD [4] 12) reportedly occurs earlier in Latinos than in other populations, [5] however; this suggestion is at odds with mortality data [6] 13) 5.7 million people in China with Alzheimer's disease in 2010 [8] 14) no known role for race, ethnicity in genetic risk for AD [7] Also see prevention of Alzheimer's disease

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention of Alzheimer's disease/dementia

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epidemiology

References

  1. Polvikoski et al, Prevalence of Alzhmeimer' disease in very elderly people: a prospective neuropathological study Neurology 56:1690, 2001 PMID: 11425935
  2. Kristi Wagner Steh, West Los Angeles VA, GRECC, Dec 2003 - Cummings JL, The Neuropsychiatry of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Martine Dunitz LTD, Taylor & Francis Group, London (2003) - Mendez MF & Cummings JL, Dementia: A Clinical Approach, Butterworth & Heinemann, Philadelphia (2003)
  3. Borjesson-Hanson A, Edin E, Gislason T, Skoog I. The prevalence of dementia in 95 year olds. Neurology. 2004 Dec 28;63(12):2436-8. PMID: 15623723
  4. Jorm AF, Masaki KH, Davis DG, Hardman J, Nelson J, Markesbery WR, Petrovitch H, Ross GW, White LR. Memory complaints in nondemented men predict future pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2004 Nov 23;63(10):1960-1. PMID: 15557525
  5. Chicago Tribune, Nov 21, 2010
  6. Steenland K et al Recent trends in Alzheimer disease mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2004. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009 Apr-Jun;23(2):165-70. PMID: 19484918
  7. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 7th edition Parada JT et al (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2010 - Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013
  8. Chan KY et al. Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia in China, 1990-2010: A systematic review and analysis. Lancet 2013 Jun 8; 381:2016 PMID: 23746902 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60221-4/fulltext
  9. Taylor CA, Greenlund SF, McGuire LC, Lu H, Croft JB. Deaths from Alzheimer's Disease - United States, 1999-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:521-526 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a1.htm
  10. Barclay LL Alzheimer's Prevention: A Summary of What We Know Medscape - Aug 23, 2017. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/884615 - Galvin JE. Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons Learned and Applied. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Aug 2. PMID: 28766695
  11. Ahmad FB, Bastian B. Quarterly provisional estimates for selected indicators of mortality, 2016-Quarter 2, 2017. National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Vital Statistics Rapid Release Program. 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm
  12. Brookmeyer R, Abdalla N, Kawas CH, Corrada MM. Forecasting the prevalence of preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease in the United States. Alzheimer's & Dementia. Dec 2017 PMID: 29233480 http://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/article/S1552-5260(17)33813-X/fulltext - UCLA News Release. Population of Americans with Alzheimer's will more than double by 2060, UCLA study shows. Eurek Alert AAAS. Dec 7, 2017 https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-12/uoc--poa120517.php
  13. Matthews KA, Xu W, Gaglioti AH et al Racial and ethnic estimates of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the United States (2015-2016) in adults aged >= 65 years. Alzheimer's & Dementia. Sept 17, 2018 PMID: 30243772 https://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/article/S1552-5260(18)33252-7/fulltext