Contents

Search

Ebola virus vaccine (Ervebo, rVSV-ZEBOV)

Indications: - prevention of Ebola virus infection - post-exposure prophylaxis [1] Contraindications: - live virus vaccines Dosage: - single IM injection [5] - 3 regimens* [8] - Ad26.ZEBOV followed by MVA-BN-Filo 56 days later - rVSV<>G-ZEBOV-GP single dose - rVSV<>G-ZEBOV-GP with booster 56 days later * all 3 regimens induce immune responses from day 14 through month 12 [8] Adverse effects: - self-limited fever 12 hours after vaccination (case report) [1] - headache, fatigue [5] Mechanism of action: - replicating, attenuated, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus with its glycoprotein gene replaced by the Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein gene [1] Notes: - pre-existing antibodies to adenovirus type-5, common in Africa, may lower the vaccine's effectiveness - recombinant, replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine that expresses a surface glycoprotein of Zaire Ebola virus appears effective [3] - 2 candidate vaccines induce an immune response & appear to be safe [4,6] - chimpanzee adenovirus 3-based vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) - recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine (rVSV<>G-ZEBOV-GP)

Related

Ebola hemorrhagic fever ebola virus

General

vaccine

References

  1. Lai L, Davey R, Beck A et al Emergency Postexposure Vaccination With Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Vectored Ebola Vaccine After Needlestick. JAMA. Published online March 05, 2015 PMID: 25742465 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2195001 - Geisbert TW Emergency Treatment for Exposure to Ebola Virus. The Need to Fast-Track Promising Vaccines. JAMA. Published online March 05, 2015 PMID: 25742306 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2195000
  2. Zhu FC, Hou LH, Li JX et al Safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine in healthy adults in China: preliminary report of a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet. March 24, 2015 PMID: 25817373 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2815%2960553-0/abstract
  3. Henao-Restrepo AM et al Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine expressing Ebola surface glycoprotein: interim results from the Guinea ring vaccination cluster-randomised trial. Lancet July 31, 2015 PMID: 26248676 http://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/pdfs/S0140673615611175.pdf - The Lancet An Ebola vaccine: first results and promising opportunities. Lancet July 31, 2015 PMID: 26248675 http://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/pdfs/S0140673615611771.pdf
  4. Milligan ID, Gibani MM, Sewell R et al Safety and Immunogenicity of Novel Adenovirus Type 26-and Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Vectored Ebola Vaccines. A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(15):1610-1623 PMID: 27092831 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2514196
  5. Henao-Restrepo AM, Camacho A, Longini IM et al Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ca Suffit). Lancet Dec 22, 2016 PMID: 28017403 Free Article http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32621-6/fulltext
  6. Kennedy SB, Bolay F, Kieh M et al Phase 2 Placebo-Controlled Trial of Two Vaccines to Prevent Ebola in Liberia. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:1438-1447. October 12, 2017 PMID: 29020589 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1614067
  7. FDA News Release. Dec 19, 2019 First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/first-fda-approved-vaccine-prevention-ebola-virus-disease-marking-critical-milestone-public-health
  8. PREVAC Study Team Randomized Trial of Vaccines for Zaire Ebola Virus Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022. Dec 14 PMID: 36516078 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2200072