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drug adverse effects of calclium supplement(s)

Adverse effects: 1) constipation 2) dyspepsia 3) flatulence 4) hypotension 5) arrhythmias 6) lethargy 7) erythema 8) renal dysfunction, renal stones 9) nausea 10) cardiovascular mortality a) no increased risk of cardiovascular mortality b) increases risk of cardiovascular mortality & all-cause mortality in women [5] - 2-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction [1,2,3,4] - dietary calcium does not confer increased risk [4] - calicum supplements further increase risk conferred by high dietary calcium (> 1400 mg/day) c)) increases risk of mortality from heart disease in men [6] - no increase in mortality in women [6] - no increase in risk of stroke [6] 11) increased risk for dementia in women with cerebrovascular disease [8] 12) hypercalcemia (9%) & hypercalciuria (30%) when coadministered with vitamin D in postmenopausal women [7]

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DRUGS: calcium supplement FORM: drug adverse effects calcium supplement

References

  1. Bolland MJ et al, Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: Randomized controlled trial, BMJ 2008, 336:262 PMID: 18198394 - Prescriber's Letter 15(3): 2008 Calcium Supplementation and Vascular Events Detail-Document#: 240306 (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  2. Bolland MJ et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: Meta-analysis. BMJ 2010 Jul 29; 341:c3691 PMID: 20671013
  3. Bolland MJ et al Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis BMJ 2011; 342:d2040 PMID: 21505219 http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d2040.full - Abrahamsen B and Sahota O Do calcium plus vitamin D supplements increase cardiovascular risk? BMJ 2011; 342:d2080 PMID: 21505220 http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d2080
  4. Li K, Kaaks R et al Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg) Heart 2012;98:920-925 PMID: 22626900 http://heart.bmj.com/content/98/12/920.full Reid IR and Bolland MJ Calcium supplements: bad for the heart? Heart 2012;98:895-896 PMID: 22626897 http://heart.bmj.com/content/98/12/895.extract
  5. Moyer VA et al Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 26 February 2013 PMID: 23440163 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1655858 - Nestle M and Nesheim MC To Supplement or Not to Supplement: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations on Calcium and Vitamin D Ann Intern Med. 26 February 2013 PMID: 23440174 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1655860
  6. Xiao Q et al. Dietary and supplemental calcium intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: The National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health study. JAMA Intern Med. Feb 4, 2013 PMID: 23381719 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1568523 - Larsson SC. Are calcium supplements harmful to cardiovascular disease? JAMA Intern Med. Feb 4, 2013 PMID: 23380757 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1568524
  7. Gallagher JC et al Incidence of hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia during vitamin D and calcium supplementation in older women. Menopause. June 16, 2014 PMID: 24937025 http://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Abstract/publishahead/Incidence_of_hypercalciuria_and_hypercalcemia.98368.aspx
  8. Kern J, Kern S, Blennow K et al Calcium supplementation and risk of dementia in women with cerebrovascular disease. Neurology. Aug 17, 2016 PMID: 27534711 http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2016/08/17/WNL.0000000000003111
    1. Kopecky SL, Bauer DC, Gulati M et al Lack of Evidence Linking Calcium With or Without Vitamin D Supplementation to Cardiovascular Disease in Generally Healthy Adults: A Clinical Guideline From the National Osteoporosis Foundation and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology. Annals of Internal Medicine. Oct 25, 2016 PMID: 27776362 http://annals.org/aim/article/2571714/lack-evidence-linking-calcium-without-vitamin-d-supplementation-cardiovascular-disease - Chung M, Tang AM, Fu Z, Wang D, Newberry SJ Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. Oct 25, 2016 PMID: 27776363 http://annals.org/aim/article/2571713/calcium-intake-cardiovascular-disease-risk-updated-systematic-review-meta-analysis - Margolis KL, Manson JE Calcium Supplements and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: What Do Clinicians and Patients Need to Know? Annals of Internal Medicine. Oct 25, 2016 PMID: 27776361 http://annals.org/aim/article/2571715/calcium-supplements-cardiovascular-disease-risk-what-do-clinicians-patients-need