Search
drug adverse effects of parasympatholytics
Adverse effects:
1) dry skin, dry mucous membrames, dry mouth
2) mydriasis, blurred vision
3) urinary retention
- risk of acute urinary retention greatest in 1st 30 days of therapy [4]
4) constipation
5) abdominal pain
6) tachycardia
7) dizziness
8) drowsiness
9) nausea
10) confusion, delirium
11) hyperthermia
12) thirst
13) chronic use may increase risk of dementia [1,5]
14) use of anticholinergics by cognitively nornal elderly is associated with increased brain atrophy & dysfunction & clinical decline [4]
15) withdrawal: abrupt cessation can lead to cholinergic rebound symptoms,
- agitation, diarrhea, vomiting, tachycardia, & insomnia [6]
Properties
DRUGS: parasympatholytic
FORM: drug adverse effects parasympatholytic
References
- Carriere I et al
Drugs with anticholinergic properties, cognitive decline,
and dementia in an elderly general population:
The 3-city study.
Arch Intern Med 2009 Jul 27; 169:1317.
PMID: 19636034
- Martin-Merino E et al.
Do oral antimuscarinic drugs carry an increased risk of
acute urinary retention?
J Urol 2009 Oct; 182:1442.
PMID: 19683302
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009
- Risacher SL, McDonald BC, Tallman EF et al
Association Between Anticholinergic Medication Use and Cognition,
Brain Metabolism, and Brain Atrophy in Cognitively Normal Older
Adults.
JAMA Neurol. 2016 Jun 1;73(6):721-32.
PMID: 27088965
- Richardson K, Fox C, Maidment I et al
Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study.
BMJ 2018;361:k1315
PMID: 29695481 Free PMC Article
https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k1315
- Gray SL, Hanlon JT
Anticholinergic drugs and dementia in older adults
BMJ 2018;361:k1722
PMID: 29695471
https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k1722
- Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11)
Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds)
American Geriatrics Society, 2022
- Cross AJ, George J, Woodward MC et al
Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Anticholinergic Burden in
Older People Attending Memory Clinics in Australia.
Drugs Aging. 2016 Jan;33(1):37-44
PMID: 2664529
- Reppas-Rindlisbacher CE, Fischer HD, Fung K et al
Anticholinergic Drug Burden in Persons with Dementia Taking a Cholinesterase
Inhibitor: The Effect of Multiple Physicians.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(3):492-500
PMID: 27000323 PMCID: PMC4819524 Free PMC article