Cu+/Cu+2

Biochemistry: - copper is the 3rd most abundant essential trace element in humans following iron & zinc - role in electron transport & in redox reactions - essential for a) cellular respirations b) neurotransmitter regulation c) collagen synthesis d) nutrient metabolism - present in all living cells - copper-containing plasma amine oxidases catabolize tyramine, histidine, polyamines & inactivate catecholamines - lysyl oxidase promotes cross-linking of collagen - cytochrome C oxidase is a component of electron transport - superoxide dismutase 1 contains copper & zinc - proteins that trasnport copper include a) ceruloplasmin b) albumin c) transcuperin - metallothionein which sequesters & stores copper - clotting factor V contains coppers Physiology: - copper absorption occurs in the stomach & small intestine - bile adds about 5 mg of Cu+2 to the intestinal content of copper - excessive Zn⁺², Fe⁺² inhibit Cu+2 absorption - ascorbate inhibits Cu+2 absorption by reducing it to Cu+ - histidine, gluconate & citrate enhance copper absorption - newly absorbed copper is transported in the portal vein bound to albumin & transcuperin to the liver where it is rapidly cleared - 50-70% of total body copper is stored in the liver; most of the remainder is within skeletal muscle - total body copper stores are 50-80 mg - ceruloplasmin transports 65-70% of plasma copper released by the liver - excretion is mainly in the feces via biliary excretion

Related

copper deficiency copper in 24 hour urine copper in serum copper sulfate copper [Cu] cupric chloride; copper bichloride; copper(II) chloride; Coppertrace (CuCl2)

Specific

Cu+ Cu+2 (cupric ion)

References

- Henry's Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 21st edition, McPherson RA & Pincus MR (es), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 2007, pg 386