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citrate (citric acid)
Uses:
- preservative
- food additive
- adds an acidic, or sour, taste to foods & soft drinks
Function:
- intermediary metabolite in the citric acid cycle
- formed from oxaloacetate via citrate synthase
- enzyme: citrate synthase
- substrates: oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA
- products: citrate + Coenzyme-A
- metabolized to isocitrate by aconitase-mt
- enzyme: aconitase-mt
- substrate: citrate
- product: isocitrate
* see citric acid cycle for role of citrate in citric acid cycle
Notes:
- present in fruits & vegetables, especially citrus fruits
- lemons & limes have the highest concentration
- as much as 8% of dry weight
- ~ 47 g/L in the juices [2]
- oranges & grapefruit have much less citric acid than lemons & limes (< 0.2% citric acid by dry weight)
Interactions
molecular events
Related
citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle
sodium citrate/citric acid (Bicitra)
Specific
bismuth citrate
bismuth potassium citrate
calcium citrate (Citracal)
ferric citrate (Auryxia)
ferric pyrophosphate citrate (Triferic)
hydroxycitrate
lithium citrate
magnesium citrate (citrate of magnesia)
potassium citrate (Urocit K)
zinc citrate
General
intermediary metabolite
metabolic agent (metabolic modifier)
tricarboxylate
Properties
MISC-INFO: MW 192 MG/MMOL {citric acid}
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
References
- Wikipedia: Citric acid
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid
- Penniston KL
Quantitative assessment of citric acid in lemon juice, lime
juice, and commercially-available fruit juice products.
J Endourol. 2008 Mar;22(3):567-70.
PMID: 18290732
Component-of
acetaminophen/caffeine/citrate
acetaminophen/caffeine/citrate/phenyltoloxamine/salicylamide
acetaminophen/caffeine/citrate/salicylamide
acetaminophen/citrate
acetaminophen/citrate/diphenhydramine
acetaminophen/citrate/phenyltoloxamine
acetaminophen/citrate/phenyltoloxamine/salicylamide
acetaminophen/citrate/salicylamide
acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD)
ascorbate/citrate/pyridoxine
aspirin/caffeine/citrate/orphenadrine
aspirin/citrate/diphenhydramine/nov protein
aspirin/citrate/sodium bicarbonate
aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer)
bisacodyl/citrate/magnesium carbonate/potassium citrate
bisacodyl/citrate/magnesium carbonate/potassium citrate/suppository
bismuth citrate/ranitidine (Tritec)
bupivacaine/citrate/sufentanil
calcium chloride/citrate/magnesium chloride/potassium chloride/sodium acetate/sodium chloride
carbetapentane/citrate/dexchlorpheniramine/phenylephrine
carbetapentane/citrate/guaifenesin
carbetapentane/citrate/guaifenesin/phenylephrine
carbetapentane/citrate/pseudoephedrine
carbetapentane/citrate/pseudoephedrine/pyrilamine
cellulose/citric acid (Plenity)
chlorpheniramine/citrate/phenylephrine/phenyltoloxamine
citrate/dextromethorphan/guaifenesin
citrate/dextromethorphan/guaifenesin/pyrilamine
citrate/diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
citrate/diphenhydramine/pseudoephedrine
citrate/fructose/glucose
citrate/gluconolactone/magnesium carbonate
citrate/glucose
citrate/guaifenesin
citrate/guaifenesin/phenylephrine
citrate/hyoscyamine
citrate/hyoscyamine/phenyltoloxamine
citrate/lactic acid/potassium bitartrate
citrate/magnesium oxide/sodium picosulfate (Prepopik)
citrate/pheniramine/phenylpropanolamine/phenyltoloxamine/pyrilamine
citrate/potassium bicarbonate/sodium bicarbonate
citrate/potassium citrate (Polycitra K)
citrate/potassium nitrate/sodium monofluorophosphate
citrate/ropivacaine/sufentanil
citrate/simethicone/sodium bicarbonate
citrate/sodium bicarbonate
citrate/sodium chloride
citric acid/lactic acid/potassium bitartrate (Phexxi, Evofem)
Renacidin (Hemiacidrin, citric acid & d-gluconic acid irrigant)
sodium citrate/citric acid (Bicitra)