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bronchial carcinoid
Etiology:
- originates from same cells as small cell carcinoma
Epidemiology:
- most common lung cancer in children & adolescents
Pathology:
- most bronchial carcinoids involve proximal airways resulting in endobronchial narrowing & possibly airway obstruction
Clinical manifestations:
1) cough
2) localized wheeze [2]
3) hemoptysis may be present
4) recurrent pneumonia (post-obstructive pneumonia)
5) carcinoid syndrome is rare (1%)
Laboratory:
1) hypercalcemia may be present
- calcium in serum
2) increased ACTH secretion may occur
- 24 hour urinary free cortisol
3) hypokalemia may occur
- potassium in serum
Special laboratory:
- overnight dexamethasone suppression test
Radiology:
- chest X-ray
a) solitary nodule
b) segmental atelectasis
c) persistent pulmonary infiltrate [2]
Complications:
- post-obstructive pneumonia
Management:
- surgical resection without lung resection
- prognosis is good if surgically resected [2]
- 5-year survival 92-100% [2]
Related
carcinoid syndrome
small cell carcinoma
General
carcinoid (argentaffinoma)
lung neoplasm
References
- Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed)
Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 769
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 17.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2015
- Rea F, Rizzardi G, Zuin A, Marulli G, Nicotra S, Bulf R,
Schiavon M, Sartori F
Outcome and surgical strategy in bronchial carcinoid tumors:
single institution experience with 252 patients.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Feb;31(2):186-91.
PMID: 17140801
- Travis WD
Advances in neuroendocrine lung tumors.
Ann Oncol. 2010 Oct;21 Suppl 7:vii65-71
PMID: 20943645 Free full text
- Davila DG et al
Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. August 1993Volume 68, Issue 8, Pages 795-803
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(12)60641-7/abstract
- Weerakkody Y et al
Bronchial carcinoid tumor
Radiolpaedia.org.
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/bronchial-carcinoid-tumour?lang=us