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bacterial pneumonia
see pneumonia
Etiology:
- community-acquired: Streptococcus pneumoniae (90% of identified isolates in adults)
- nosocomial (60% gram-negative bacilli)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
* bacterial pathogens detected by multiplex PCR assay [1]
- Hemophilus influenzae in 33%
- Streptococcus pneumoniae in 20%
- Staphylococcus aureus in 20%
- gram-negative bacilli in 18%
- Moraxella catarrhalis in 12%
- other
Differential diagnosis:
- viral pneumonia (may coexist with bacterial pneumonia) [2]
- factors favoring viral pneumonia
- rhinorrhea, diarrhea
- higher lymphocyte count % in WBC count
- lower serum creatinine
- ground-glass opacity in chest imaging [2]
- factors favoring bacterial pneumonia
- acute onset of symptoms
- age > 65 years or comorbidity
- leukocytosis or leukopenia
- fever, headache
- cervical painful lymph nodes [2]
- serum procalcitonin no helpful [2]
Specific
inhalation anthrax
Legionnaire's disease
Staphylococcal pneumonia
General
pneumonia (PNA)
bacterial infection
References
- Falsey AR et al.
Real-life assessment of BioFire FilmArray pneumonia panel in adults hospitalized
with respiratory illness.
J Infect Dis 2023 Jun 27; [e-pub].
PMID: 37369370
https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiad221/7209038
- Heneghan C, Pluddemann A, Mahtani KR
Differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia.
Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. 2020, April 8.
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford
https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/differentiating-viral-from-bacterial-pneumonia/