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ascorbate; ascorbic acid; vitamin C
Indications: (uses)
1) prevention & treatment of scurvy
2) acidification of urine
3) enhanced wound healing
4) severe burns
5) hyperuricemia/gout
6) hawkinsinuria [8]
7) alkaptonuria
8) tyrosinemia, tyrosinemia type 3
9) homocystinuria
10) aids iron absorption in iron deficiency anemia [8]
11) megaloblastic anemia [8]
Dosage:
1) prevention & treatment of scurvy
a) RDA: 60 mg QD (PO IM, SC,IV)
b) average protective dose 70-150 mg QD
c) scurvy: 300 mg to 1 g QD
2) acidification of urine: 4-12 g QD divided TID/QID
3) enhanced wound healing: 300-500 mg QD for 7-10 days
4) severe burns: 1-2 g/day
5) hyperuricemia/gout: 500 mg QD [4]
Pharmacokinetics:
Tissues that accumulate ascorbate include: [6]
- those with > 100 fold blood plasma vitamin C adrenal, pituitary, thymus, corpus luteum, retina
- those with 10-50 fold blood plasma vitamin C brain, spleen, lung, testicle, lymph nodes, liver, thyroid, small intestinal mucosa, leukocytes, pancreas, kidney, salivary glands
Adverse effects:
1) not common (1-10%)
- hyperoxaluria
- increased risk of calcium oxalate urinary stones [7]
2) uncommon (< 1%)
- flushing, faintness, dizziness, headache, nausea/vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, fatigue
Drug interactions:
1) ascorbate may affect propranolol absorbtion & 1st pass metabolism in the liver
2) ascorbate may increase serum levels of estrogen
3) ascorbate may decrease anticoagulant effect of warfarin
Test interactions:
- may falsely elevate serum creatinine [3]
Laboratory:
- ascorbate in blood
- ascorbate in serum/plasma
- ascorbate in urine
- ascorbate in semen
- ascorbate in leukocytes
Mechanism of action:
- reducing agent, oxidized to L-dehydroascorbate which is in turn reduced ezymatically or by glutathione
- ascorbate is an electron donor for 8 different enzymes
- for 3 of these enzymes, ascorbate is a cofactor in hydroxlation of Lys & Pro in collagen type-1 (& other collagens)
- for 2 of these enzymes, ascorbate is a cofactor in synthesis of carnitine
- ascorbate is a cofactor fof dopamine beta hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine
- ascorbate is a cofactor for an enzyme that adds amide groups to peptide hormones, increasing their stability
- ascorbate is a cofactor for an enzyme that modulates tyrosine metabolism
- substrate of ascorbate peroxidase [6]
- ascorbate levels in brain exceed those in blood 10-fold
- transported as dehydroascorbate across the blood-brain barrier by GLUT1 [9]
Related
ascorbate in specimen
scurvy; vitamin C deficiency
Specific
calcium ascorbate
palmitoylascorbate; 6-O-palmitoylascorbic acid
General
sugar acid
vitamin
Properties
MISC-INFO: elimination route KIDNEY
pregnancy-category C
safety in lactation ?
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
Kegg map/map00053
References
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug
Formulary, 1998
- Prescriber's Letter 9(5):28 2002
- Journal Watch 25(14):114-15, 2005
Huang HY, Appel LJ, Choi MJ, Gelber AC, Charleston J,
Norkus EP, Miller ER 3rd.
The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum
concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized
controlled trial.
Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jun;52(6):1843-7.
PMID: 15934094
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA National Formulary
- Wikipedia - vitamin C entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C
- Thomas LDK et al
Ascorbic Acid Supplements and Kidney Stone Incidence Among Men:
A Prospective Study
JAMA Intern Med. 2013;():1-2
PMID: 23381591
http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1568519
- Deprecated Reference
- PubChem: 44067
Component-of
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/beta carotene/calcium carbonate/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/docosahexaenoate/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinamide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc oxide
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/beta carotene/calcium carbonate/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/sodium docusate/thiamine/zinc oxide
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/beta carotene/calcium carbonate/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinamide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc oxide
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/biotin/biotin/cobalamin/ergocalciferol/folic acid/multivitamin/nicotinamide/panthenol/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin k
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/biotin/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/folic acid/nicotinamide/panthenol/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin k
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/calcium carbonate/carbonyl iron/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/cupric oxide/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinamide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/sodium docusate/thiamine/zinc oxide
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/calcium citrate/carbonyl iron/cholecalciferol/docosahexaenoate/folic acid/nicotinamide/potassium iodide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/sodium docusate/thiamine/zinc oxide
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/calcium citrate/carbonyl iron/cholecalciferol/folic acid/nicotinamide/potassium iodide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/sodium docusate/thiamine/zinc oxide
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/calcium phosphate/cholecalciferol/docosahexaenoate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/pyridoxine/sodium docusate
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/calcium phosphate/docosahexaenoate/eicosapentaenoate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/pyridoxine
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/calcium phosphate/docosahexaenoate/eicosapentaenoate/folic acid/pyridoxine
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/calcium phosphate/docosahexaenoate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/pyridoxine/sodium docusate
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/carbonyl iron/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/folic acid/nicotinamide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
alpha tocopherol/ascorbate/cholecalciferol/docosahexaenoate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/pyridoxine/sodium docusate
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/beta carotene/cobalamin/ergocalciferol/folic acid/nicotinic acid/pantothenate/pyridoxine/retinol/riboflavin/thiamine
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/beta carotene/copper sulfate/zinc oxide
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/beta carotene/copper/copper sulfate/lutein/sodium selenite/zinc/zinc oxide
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/beta carotene/copper/copper sulfate/sodium selenite/zinc/zinc oxide
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/beta carotene/cuprous oxide/zinc oxide
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/beta carotene/zinc oxide
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/biotin/carbonyl iron/cobalamin/copper sulfate/folic acid/sodium docusate
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/biotin/carbonyl iron/cobalamin/folic acid/sodium docusate
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/calcium carbonate/cobalamin/copper sulfate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinamide/potassium iodide/pyridoxine/retinol/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin d/zinc sulfate
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/nicotinamide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/cuprous oxide/lutein/zinc oxide
alpha tocopheryl acetate/ascorbate/lutein/zinc oxide
ascorbate/beta carotene/calcium carbonate/carbonyl iron/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinamide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/sodium docusate/thiamine/zinc oxide
ascorbate/bioflavonoid
ascorbate/bioflavonoid/choline bitartrate/cobalamin/inositol/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
ascorbate/bioflavonoid/grape seed extract
ascorbate/biotin/calcium carbonate/cobalamin/dextran/folic acid/iron dextran/nicotinic acid/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
ascorbate/biotin/calcium carbonate/cobalamin/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin e/zinc oxide
ascorbate/biotin/calcium carbonate/cobalamin/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin e/zinc/zinc oxide
ascorbate/biotin/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/folic acid/nicotinic acid/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
ascorbate/biotin/cobalamin/copper sulfate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/magnesium sulfate/manganese sulfate/nicotinic acid/pantothenate/polysaccharide iron complex/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc sulfate
ascorbate/biotin/cobalamin/folic acid/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
ascorbate/biotin/cobalamin/folic acid/nicotinic acid/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
ascorbate/biotin/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/iron/methylcobalamin/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
ascorbate/biotin/folic acid/methylcobalamin/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine
ascorbate/biotin/folic acid/methylcobalamin/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc citrate
ascorbate/bromelain
ascorbate/ca+2/cobalamin/folic acid/iron/polysaccharide iron complex
ascorbate/calcium carbonate/cholecalciferol/choline bitartrate/cobalamin/docosahexaenoate/eicosapentaenoate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/nicotinic acid/potassium iodide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin e/zinc oxide
ascorbate/calcium carbonate/cholecalciferol/fatty acid omega 3/folic acid/linoleate/pyridoxine/vitamin e
ascorbate/calcium carbonate/cholecalciferol/vitamin e
ascorbate/calcium citrate/carbonyl iron/cholecalciferol/folic acid/pyridoxine
ascorbate/carbonyl iron
ascorbate/carbonyl iron/cobalamin/folic acid
ascorbate/carbonyl iron/cobalamin/folic acid/sodium docusate
ascorbate/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/copper sulfate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/kelp/magnesium oxide/magnesium sulfate/nicotinamide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/vitamin a/zinc sulfate
ascorbate/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/folic acid/magnesium oxide/nicotinic acid/polysaccharide iron complex/potassium iodide/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin e/zinc oxide
ascorbate/cholecalciferol/cobalamin/nicotinic acid/pyridoxine/riboflavin/sodium fluoride/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin e
ascorbate/cholecalciferol/ferrous sulfate/sodium fluoride/vitamin a
ascorbate/cholecalciferol/palmitate/sodium fluoride
ascorbate/cholecalciferol/sodium fluoride/vitamin a
ascorbate/citrate/pyridoxine
ascorbate/cobalamin/copper sulfate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/magnesium sulfate/manganese sulfate/nicotinamide/pantothenate/polysaccharide iron complex/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc sulfate
ascorbate/cobalamin/copper sulfate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/magnesium sulfate/manganese sulfate/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc sulfate
ascorbate/cobalamin/copper sulfate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/manganese sulfate/nicotinamide/pantothenate/polysaccharide iron complex/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc sulfate
ascorbate/cobalamin/copper/copper sulfate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/magnesium sulfate/manganese/manganese sulfate/nicotinamide/pantothenate/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/zinc sulfate
ascorbate/cobalamin/ferrous fumarate
ascorbate/cobalamin/ferrous fumarate/folic acid
ascorbate/cobalamin/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/liver stomach concentrate
ascorbate/cobalamin/folic acid
ascorbate/cobalamin/folic acid/iron carbonyl/sodium docusate
ascorbate/cobalamin/folic acid/nicotinic acid/pyridoxine/riboflavin/sodium fluoride/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin d/vitamin e
ascorbate/cobalamin/folic acid/sodium docusate
ascorbate/cobalamin/nicotinic acid/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin d/vitamin e
ascorbate/collagen
ascorbate/copper gluconate/docosahexaenoate/eicosapentaenoate/lutein/zeaxanthin/zinc oxide
ascorbate/diosmin/hesperidin
ascorbate/echinacea
ascorbate/echinacea/zinc sulfate
ascorbate/ferrous fumarate
ascorbate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/nicotinamide/polysaccharide iron complex
ascorbate/ferrous fumarate/folic acid/nicotinic acid/polysaccharide iron complex
ascorbate/ferrous sulfate
ascorbate/ferrous sulfate/folic acid
ascorbate/ferrous sulfate/nicotinic acid/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/vitamin a/vitamin d/vitamin e
ascorbate/ferrous sulfate/vitamin A
ascorbate/ferrous sulfate/vitamin A/vitamin D
ascorbate/folic acid
ascorbate/folic acid/iron/polysaccharide iron complex
ascorbate/folic acid/nicotinamide/polysaccharide/polysaccharide iron complex
ascorbate/hesperidin
ascorbate/lutein/zinc oxide
ascorbate/nicotinamide/phytosterol
ascorbate/pantothenate/quercetin
ascorbate/polyethylene glycol/potassium chloride/sodium chloride/sodium sulfate
ascorbate/polysaccharide iron complex
ascorbate/polysaccharide/polysaccharide iron complex
ascorbate/quercetin
ascorbate/vaccinium macrocarpon/vitamin e
ascorbate/vitamin a/vitamin d
Chizukit
Nephro-Vite (vitamin B & C)
Ocuvite PreserVision; AREDS formulation
Souvenaid; Fortasyn Connect