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apraclonidine ophthalmic (Iopidine)
Tradename: Lopidine.
Indications:
1) open-angle glaucoma
2) perioperative intraocular pressure control
Dosage:
1) 1 drop in operative eye 1 hour prior to laser surgery, & 2nd drop 1 hour post-operatively
2) adjunctive therapy: 1 drop OU TID (0.5%) 0.5% (5 mL), 1% (0.25 mL)
Adverse effects:
1) not common (1-10%)
- lethargy, dry mouth, dry nose, upper eyelid elevation, conjunctival blanching, mydriasis, burning & itching eyes, discomfort, conjunctival microhemorrhage, blurred vision
2) uncommon (< 1%)
- allergic reaction, GI & CNS effects, arrhythmias
3) long-term therapy associated with increased systemic adverse effects
Mechanism of action:
1) alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, similar to clonidine
2) reduces formation of aqueous humor
3) 17-26% reduction in intraocular pressure
Interactions
drug adverse effects of adrenergic receptor agonists
Related
clonidine (Catapres, Onyda XR)
General
apraclonidine
ophthalmic agent (eyedrops)
Properties
MISC-INFO: pregnancy-category C
safety in lactation ?
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
References
- The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug
Formulary, 1998