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antibody dependent enhancement (ADE)
Mechanism by which pathogenesis of viral infections is enhanced by sub-neutralizing or cross-reactive non-neutralizing antiviral antibodies. These virus-specific antibodies enhance entry & replication of virus in monocytes/macrophages or granulocytic cells through interaction with Fc &/or complement receptors [2].
The most well-known example is with dengue virus where a subsequent infection with a different serotype can cause more severe & possibly lethal disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome [3].
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References
- Cancel Tirado SM , Yoon KJ
Antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection and disease.
Viral Immunol 2003;16(1):69-86.
PMID: 12725690
- Bournazos S, Gupta A, Ravetch JV.
The role of IgG Fc receptors in antibody-dependent enhancement.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Oct;20(10):633-643. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
PMID: 32782358
- Ulrich H, Pillat MM, Tarnok A
Dengue Fever, COVID-19 (SARS-CoC2), and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE): A Perspective
Cytometry Part A, J Quantitative Cell Science: 97(7):662-667
PMID: 32506725