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xanthoma
A yellow nodule or plaque, especially of the skin, composed of lipid-laden macrophages.
Classification:
- xanthelasma
- xanthelasma palpebrarum
- eruptive xanthoma
- diabetes mellitus type 2 with severe hypertriglyceridemia
- familial hypercholesterolemia
- tendon xanthoma
- familial hypercholesterolemia (pathognomonic) [6]
- tuberculous xanthoma
- cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
- plane xanthoma
- palmar xanthoma
- xanthogranuloma
Pathology:
- localized lipid deposits
Genetics:
- associated with familial hypercholesterolermia
Clinical manifestations:
- onset may be abrupt [4]
- yellow-orange papules with surrounding erythema
- reddish-yellow papules [6]
- found primarily of extensor surfaces of extremities & on buttocks [4]
- image of palmar xanthomas* [3]
* much different appearance than reddish yellow papules on buttocks [6]
Laboratory:
- lipid panel: elevated serum LDL cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolermia [6]
Specific
atypical fibroxanthoma
eruptive xanthoma; eruptive xanthelasma
palmare xanthoma
plane xanthoma
tendon xanthoma; tendinous xanthoma
tuberous xanthoma
xanthelasma
xanthogranuloma
General
nodule
papule
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 24th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1982
- Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 2nd ed. Burtis CA &
Ashwood ER (eds), WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia PA, 1993,
pg 1035
- Koehler VF, Parhofer KG.
Images in Clinical Medicine. Xanthoma Striatum Palmare.
N Engl J Med 2018; 378:e26. May 10, 2018
PMID: 29742369
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1713658
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 18,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2018
- Roga G, Jithendriya M.
Eruptive xanthoma: Warning sign of systemic disease.
Cleve Clin J Med. 2016 Oct;83(10):715-716. No abstract available.
PMID: 27726830 Free Article
- NEJM Knowledge+ Endocrinology