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latanoprost (Xalatan)

Tradename: Xalatan. Indications: - open-angle glaucoma (including initial treatment) - increased intraocular pressure Contraindications: pregnancy-category :value C safety-in-lactation :value ? Dosage: 1) 1 drop OU QHS (higher doses diminish effect) 2) do NOT administer while wearing contact lenses Solution: (ophthalmic) 0.005% (2.5 mL) (contains benzalkonium chloride). Storage: - protect from light - store refrigetated 2-8 degrees C (36-46 degrees F) - opened bottle may be stored at room temperature, up to 25 degrees C (77 degrees F) for 6 weeks [6] Adverse effects: 1) common (> 10%) - blurred vision, ocular irritation, conjunctival hyperemia, foreign body sensation, itching, punctate epithelial keratopathy, pigmentation of the iris 2) less common (1-10%) - chest pain, angina pectoris, rash, allergic skin reaction, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, dry eye, excessive tearing, eyelid pain, eyelid crusting, eyelid edema, eyelid erythema, eyelid discomfort/pain, photophobia, upper respiratory tract infection, cold, flu 3) uncommon (< 1%) - conjunctivitis, diplopia, discharge from eye, retinal artery embolus, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage from diabetic retinopathy 4) other - permanent brown pigmentation in the iris may occur - occurs after 3-12 months of therapy - pigmentation NOT associated with damage or morbidity - due to melanin production - increased length, thickness & darkness of the eyelashes - increased pigmention of the eyelid - cystoid macular edema - exacerbation of herpes ophthalmicus - bacterial keratitis associated with use of multiple-dose containers - migraine (uncommon) [4] Drug interactions: - ophthalmic agents containing thimerosal when mixed may result in precipitation: separate use by at least 5 minutes Mechanism of action: 1) synthetic pro-drug analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha 2) selective for FP subtype prostanoid receptor 3) increase in aqueous humor ouflow 4) reduction of intraocular pressure (25-35%, 4 mm Hg) 5) reduces risk of visual field deterioration (15% vs 26% for placebo) [7]

Related

benzalkonium (Zephiran, Sterinol) prostaglandin F2-alpha; dinoprost (Lutalyse)

General

prostaglandin analog; prostanoid

Database Correlations

PUBCHEM correlations

References

  1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
  2. Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998 - not on National VA formulary
  3. Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
  4. Prescriber's Letter 8(5):28 2001
  5. Prescriber's Letter 10(2):10 2003
  6. Bausch and Lomb. Package insert
  7. Garway-Heath DF et al Latanoprost for open-angle glaucoma (UKGTS): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. Dec 19, 2014 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2962111-5/abstract

Component-of

latanoprost/netarsudil (Rocklatan)

Components

benzalkonium (Zephiran, Sterinol)