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whole grain
Notes:
- higher whole grain intake associated with lower total mortality in men & women (RR=0.91) [1]
- especially with high intake of brans (RR=0.80)
- cardiovascular mortality diminished
- cancer mortality not diminished
- whole grain consumption associated with 15-31% reduction in mortality, coronary heart disease, colorectal cancer, & type 2 diabetes [3]
- increase in whole grain intake (90 g/day increase) associated with a reduced risk of
- cardiovascular disease (RR=0.78)[2]
- stroke (RR=0.88)
- coronary heart disease (RR=0.81)
- total cancer mortality (RR=0.85) [2]
- all-cause mortality (RR=0.83) [2]
- mortality from respiratory diseases (RR=0.78), infectious diseases (RR=0.74), diabetes mellitus (RR=0.49) [2]
- mortality from nervous system diseases increased with 90 g/day increase in whole grain intake (RR=1.15) [2]
Related
dietary fiber
Mediterranean diet
refined grain
Specific
brown rice
General
grain
References
- Wu H, Flint AJ, Qi Q et al
Association Between Dietary Whole Grain Intake and Risk of
Mortality. Two Large Prospective Studies in US Men and Women.
JAMA Intern Med. Published online January 05, 2015
PMID: 25559238
http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2087877
- Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E et al
Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease,
cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: systematic
review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
BMJ 2016;353:i2716
PMID: 27301975 Free Full Text
http://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i2716
- Reynolds A, Mann J, Cummings J et al
Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic
reviews and meta-analyses.
Lancet. Jan 10, 2019
PMID: 30638909
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31809-9/fulltext