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vascular endothelial growth factor-A; vascular permeability factor (VEGFA, VEGF, VPF)
Function:
- facilitates angiogenesis, vasculogenesis & endothelial cell growth
- induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis & induces permeability of blood vessels
- VEGF is 50,000 times more potent than histamine in inducing vascular permeability
- binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 & KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate & heparin
- NRP1/neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 & VEGF-145
- isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR
- does not activate downstream signaling pathways
- does not activate angiogenesis
- inhibits tumor growth
- dopamine inhibits angiogenic activities of VEGF
- forms heterodimer with PGF
Structure:
- homodimer; disulfide-linked
- belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family
Compartment:
- secreted
Alternative splicing:
- named isoforms=13
- 5-7 isoforms resulting from differential splicing
Alternative promoter usage:
- named isoforms=13
- additional isoforms seem to exist
Expression:
- expresseion regulated by growth factors, cytokines, gonadotropins, nitric oxide, hypoxia, hypoglycemia & oncogenic mutations
- expression is upregulated by hypoxia
- gene contains hypoxia responsive element
Pathology:
- defects in VEGFA are a cause of susceptibility to microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus type 1
Pharmacology:
- target of agents used to treat wet macular degeneration: aflibercept
Laboratory:
- vascular endothelial growth factor A in serum/plasma
Related
HIF1
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Ag in tissue
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor
vascular endothelial growth factor B; VEGF-B; VEGF-related factor; VRF (VEGFB, VRF)
vascular endothelial growth factor C; VEGF-C; vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein; VRP; Flt4 ligand; Flt4-L (VEGFC)
vascular endothelial growth factor D; VEGF-D; c-fos-induced growth factor; FIGF (FIGF, VEGFD)
vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] receptor
General
vascular endothelial growth factor family protein (VEGF family)
Properties
SIZE: entity length = 232 aa
MW = 27 kD
COMPARTMENT: extracellular compartment
MOTIF: signal sequence {1-26}
cysteine residue {C52}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C94}
cysteine residue {C77}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C-INTERCHAIN}
cysteine residue {C83}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C128}
cysteine residue {C86}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C-INTERCHAIN}
cysteine residue {C87}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C130}
cysteine residue {C94}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C52}
N-glycosylation site {N101}
cysteine residue {C128}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C83}
cysteine residue {C130}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C87}
SECRETED-BY: macrophage
smooth muscle
Database Correlations
OMIM correlations
MORBIDMAP 192240
UniProt P15692
Pfam PF00341
Entrez Gene 7422
Kegg hsa:7422
References
- UniProt :accession P15692
- R&D systems' cytokine mini-reviews: VEGF
http://www.rndsystems.com/molecule_detail.aspx?m=2247
- Wikipedia; Note: VEGF entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vascular_endothelial_growth_factor
- SeattleSNPs
http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/vegf/
- Ross R
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Nature 362:801 1993
PMID: 8479518
- Entrez Gene :accession 7422