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vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
Function:
1) maintains serum osmolality by increasing passive resorption of water by the distal renal tubules
a) enables urine osmolality to reach 800-1200 mosm/kg
b) without ADH, urine osmolality reaches only 60-60 mosm/kg
2) causes vasoconstriction of the capillaries & small arterioles
3) release of ADH from the hypothalamus is stimulated by:
a) plasma osmolality > 280 mosm/kg
1] plasma ADH levels zero for osmolality < 280 mosm/kg
2] plasma ADH levels linearly related to osmolality for values > 280 mosm/kg
3] the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis is a chemo- receptor zone in the brain that senses osmolality
b) hypotension
c) decrease in plasma volume (7-10%)
Pathology:
- pituitary adenoma secreting ADH (vasopressin)
- vasopressin deficiency is diabetes insipidus
Pharmacology: see Pitressin
Related
copeptin
drugs that increase vasopressin or enhance its action
organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT)
prepro-vasopressin; vasopressin-neurophysin 2 copeptin (AVP)
vasopressin receptor antagonist (vaptan)
vasopressin receptor or antidiuretic hormone [ADH] receptor
Specific
arginine vasopressin (Argipressin, AVP)
desmopressin (deamino-arginine vasopressin, dDAVP, dDVP, Noctiva, Stimate, Minirin)
felypressin (phenylalanine/lysine vasopressin)
isoleucyl vasopressin or vasotocin
lypressin (lysine vasopressin, Diapid)
ornipressin (ornithine vasopressin)
oxytocin (isoleucyl/leucyl vasopressin)
Pitressin (vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone, ADH)
General
endocrine agent
gastrointestinal agent
neuropeptide
neurotransmitter
posterior pituitary hormone
Properties
COMPARTMENT: plasma
MISC-INFO: elimination route LIVER
KIDNEY
pregnancy-category C
safety in lactation ?
References
- The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015