transcranial sonography (TCS)

Clinical significance: - shows hyperechogenic lesions of substantia nigra & basal ganglia, thought to reflect iron accumulation, in multiple primary neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis - degree of substantia nigra changes at baseline predicts 2-year risk for progression of multiple sclerosis

References

- Walter U et al Transcranial brain sonography findings predict disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2009 Sep 29;73(13):1010-7 PMID: 19657105