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trans unsaturated fatty acid (partially hydrogenated fatty acid)

Produced as a byproduct of partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fats. Dietary trans fatty acids are at least as atherogenic as saturated fats. [1] Adverse effects: - increased risk of cardiovascular disease [6] (RR=1.28) - increased risk for all-cause mortality [6] (RR=1.34) - memory impairment - worse word recall in younger adults [5] Notes: - food manufacturers must remove partially hydrogenated oils from processed foods in the next 3 years (by 2018) [4,6] - banning use of trans-fatty acids in some New York counties associated with 6% 3 year decline hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease [7] - WHO releases a guide for governments worldwide to eliminate artificial trans fats from the food supply [8] - people won't taste the difference - food won't cost more - cardiovascular deaths will diminish [8]

Specific

leptomycin-B

General

fatty acid, unsaturated

Properties

COMPARTMENT: membrane

References

  1. Prescriber's Letter 10(8):46 2003
  2. Angell SY et al. Change in trans fatty acid content of fast-food purchases associated with New York City's restaurant regulation. Ann Intern Med 2012 Jul 17; 157:81. PMID: 22801670
  3. FDA News Release: Nov. 7, 2013 FDA takes step to further reduce trans fats in processed foods http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm373939.htm
  4. Doheny K, Lowes R Trans Fats Out Within 3 Years, FDA Says. Medscape Medical News. June 16, 2015 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/846567 - FDA News Release. June 16, 2015 The FDA takes step to remove artificial trans fats in processed foods. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451237.htm
  5. Golomb BA, Bui AK A Fat to Forget: Trans Fat Consumption and Memory. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 17;10(6):e0128129 PMID: 26083739 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128129
  6. Mueller PS Trans Fat Intake Is Associated with Excess Risks for All-Cause Death and Adverse CV Outcomes NEJM Journal Watch. August 27, 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society (subscription needed) http://www.jwatch.org - de Souza RJ et al Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 2015;351:h3978 PMID: 26268692 http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3978
  7. Brandt EJ, Myerson R, Perraillon MC et al Hospital Admissions for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke Before and After the Trans-Fatty Acid Restrictions in New York. JAMA Cardiol. Published online April 12, 2017. PMID: 28403435 http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-abstract/2618359
  8. World Health Organization (WHO) WHO plan to eliminate industrially-produced trans-fatty acids from global food supply. WHO News Release. May 14, 2018. http://www.who.int/news-room/detail/14-05-2018-who-plan-to-eliminate-industrially-produced-trans-fatty-acids-from-global-food-supply