Search
tick-borne encephalitis virus
Classification:
- European or Western tick-borne encephalitis virus
- Siberian tick-borne encephalitis virus
- Far eastern Tick-borne encephalitis virus (formerly Russian Spring Summer encephalitis virus)
Epidemiology:
- transmitted by Ixodedes ticks
- Europe, former Soviet Union, Asia
- may also bemilk-borne exposure
Clinical manifestations:
- incubation period of 7-14 days (asymptomatic)
- initial phase of 2-4 days corresponds to viremic phase
- fever, malaise, anorexia, myalgia, headache, nausea/vomiting
- followed by 8 days of remission
- second phase of the disease occurs in 20-30% of patients
- meningitis
- encephalitis
- symptoms may be limited to mild febrile illness
- disease more severe in adults than in children
Laboratory:
- complete blood count
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- liver function tests
- serum transaminases may be mildly elevated
- CSF analysis
- lymphocytosis
- virus can be isolated from the blood during the first phase
- European tick borne encephalitis virus serology
- specific IgM in either blood or CSF, during the second phase of the disease
- - European tick borne encephalitis virus RNA
Complications:
- mortality 1-2%m generally 5-7 days after onset of neurological symptoms
- chronic or permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae are observed in 10-20% of infected patients
Management:
- treatment is supportive
- endotracheal intubation & mechanical ventilation may be needed
- a vaccine is available in some disease endemic areas
- not currently available in the United States
- adverse vaccine-reactions in children limit its use
Related
tick borne infection
General
flaviviridae
encephalitis virus
Properties
KINGDOM: virus
GENOME-TYPE: RNA
SINGLE-STRANDED
NEGATIVE-STRAND
GENOME-SIZE: 10 kB
ENVELOPE: PRESENT
CAPSID-SYMMETRY: ICOSAHEDRAL
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Tick-borne Encephalitis
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/TBE.htm
- European Centre for Diease Prevention and Control
Tick-borne encephalitis
http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/emerging_and_vector-borne_diseases/tick_borne_diseases/tick_borne_encephalitis/Pages/index.aspx