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mesial temporal sclerosis; hippocampal sclerosis
Etiology:
- temporal lobe epilepsy
- vascular risk factors
- more likely to have stroke, hypertension, or microvascular disease than patients with Alzheimer's disease [6]
Epidemiology:
- 10% of persons > 85 years of age [6]
- frequent in patients with dementia
Pathology:
- dentate gyrus, CA1, CA4 & to a lesser extent CA3 regions of the hippocampus are involved [5]
- subiculum involved [6]
- neuronal cell loss, gliosis & sclerosis
* histopathology images
Clinical manifestations:
- complex partial temporal lobe epilepsy [5]
- dementia in the elderly
Differential diagnosis:
- Alzheimer's disease
Radiology:
- MRI neuroimaging (images [4,6])
- increased T2 signal
- hippocampal atrophy
General
neurodegenerative disease
sclerosis
References
- Wikipedia: Mesial temporal sclerosis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesial_temporal_sclerosis
- Columbia Dept of Neurosurgery
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
http://www.columbianeurosurgery.org/conditions/mesial-temporal-sclerosis/
- Johns Hopikins Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/specialty_areas/epilepsy/seizures/causes/mesial_temporal_sclerosis.html
- Trepeta S and LG Naul
Medscope: eMedicine: Imaging in Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/342150-overview
- Knipe H, Gaillard F (images)
Radiopaedia.org: Mesial temporal sclerosis
http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mesial-temporal-sclerosis
- Wikipedia: Hippocampal sclerosis (image)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampal_sclerosis
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2021