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stem cell
Found in all multicellular organisms
Function:
- able to undergo mitosis
- able to differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types
- embryonic stem cells found in blastocyst can differentiate into specialized embryonic cells
- adult stem cells & progenitor cells act as repair system
a) replenish specialized cells
b) normal turnover of regerative organs
- blood, skin, intestinal tissues
Biochemistry:
- Notch1 activation promotes the survival of neural & pancreatic stem cells. [5]
- stem cells may have a gene activation signature of about 360 genes shared by malignant cells [2]
- p16ink4A expression increases in stem cells with age & diminishes cell proliferation [3]
Expression:
- inducible from differentiated cells (fibroblasts) [4] (see induced pluripotential stem cell)
Notes:
- trachea created from a plastic matrix incubated in a solution containing autologous stem cells was transplanted into a 2 year girl born without a trachea [6]
Related
progenitor cell
stem cell transplantation
Specific
hematopoietic stem cell
multipotential stem cell
neural stem cell
pluripotential stem cell
General
cell
References
- Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Leker RR, Soldner F, Hoeppner DJ,
Ravin R, Poser SW, Rueger MA, Bae SK, Kittappa R, McKay RD.
Notch signalling regulates stem cell numbers in vitro and
in vivo.
Nature. 2006 Aug 17;442(7104):823-6. Epub 2006 Jun 25.
PMID: 16799564
- Krivtsov AV, Twomey D, Feng Z, Stubbs MC, Wang Y,
Faber J, Levine JE, Wang J, Hahn WC, Gilliland DG, Golub TR,
Armstrong SA.
Transformation from committed progenitor to leukaemia stem cell
initiated by MLL-AF9.
Nature. 2006 Aug 17;442(7104):818-22. Epub 2006 Jul 16.
PMID: 16862118
- Passegue E.
Cancer biology: a game of subversion.
Nature. 2006 Aug 17;442(7104):754-5. No abstract available.
PMID: 16915276
- Jansen V et al,
Stem-cell ageing modified by the cyclin-dependent kinase
inhibitor p16INK4a
Nature 2006 (Sept 6)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05159
- Molofsky AV et al,
Increasing p16INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors
and neurogenesis during aging.
Nature 2006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05091
- Krishnamurthy J et al,
p16INK4a induces age-dependent decline in islet regenerative
potential
Nature 2006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05092
- Takahashi K et al,
Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human
fibroblasts by defined factors.
Cell 2007, Nov 20, 131:861
PMID: 18035408
http://dximages.cell.com/images/images/cell/ieps/3661.pdf
Yu J et al,
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human somatic
cells.
Science 2007, Nov 20
PMID: 18029452
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1151526
- Wikipedia: Stem cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell
- Physician's First Watch, April 30, 2013
David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief
Massachusetts Medical Society
http://www.jwatch.org
- Groundbreaking Surgery for Girl Born Without Windpipe
New York Times. April 30, 2013
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/science/groundbreaking-surgery-for-girl-born-without-windpipe.html?_r=0
- Rezza A, Sennett R, Rendl M.
Adult stem cell niches: cellular and molecular components.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2014;107:333-72. Review.
PMID: 24439812
- National Cancer Institute:
- stem cell transplant
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/stem-cell-transplant
- Stem Cell Transplants in Cancer Treatment
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant