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skeletal muscle relaxant (tranquilizer)

Indications: - spasticity, muscle spasms - may be useful for - painful muscle spasms - muscle cramps - neck pain Contraindications: - low back pain - of no benefit added to ibuprofen in treatment of low back pain [3] - fibromyalgia - headaches Adverse effects: - risk of falls: baclofen, cyclobenzaprine > tizanidine - risk of fracture: baclofen, cyclobenzaprine = tizanidine [2]

Specific

alcuronium baclofen (Lioresal) beta-erythroidine carisoprodol (Soma, Rela) chlormezanone (Trancopal) chlorzoxazone (Parafon, Parafon-Forte) cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) dantrolene (Dantrium) diazepam (Vallium, Diastat) eperisone (Myonal, Epry) gallamine (Pirolakson, Flaxedil) metaxalone (Skelaxin) methocarbamol (Robaxin) metocurine; dimethyl tubocurarine (Metubine Iodide) orphenadrine (Norflex) quinine (Quinamm, Aflukin, Chinimetten, Qualaquin) tizanidine (Zanaflex)

General

muscle relaxant musculoskeletal system agent

References

  1. Chou R, Peterson K, Helfand M. Comparative efficacy and safety of skeletal muscle relaxants for spasticity and musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004 Aug;28(2):140-75. PMID: 15276195
  2. Hwang YJ, Chang AR, Brotman DJ, Inker LA, Grams ME, Shin JI. Baclofen and the risk of fall and fracture in older adults: A real-world cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Nov 7. PMID: 37933734 https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.18665
  3. Friedman BW, Irizarry E, Solorzano C et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ibuprofen plus metaxalone, tizanidine, or baclofen for acute low back pain. Ann Emerg Med 2019 Apr 5; PMID: 30955985 https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(19)30139-8/fulltext
  4. Talwadekar M Muscle Relaxants for Chronic Pain: Where Is the Greatest Evidence? Medscape. September 20, 2024 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/muscle-relaxants-chronic-pain-where-greatest-evidence-2024a1000h3w