sign/symptom

Any morbid phenomenon or departure from the normal in function, appearance or sensation, experienced by a patient (symptom) or examiner (sign) & indicative of disease. Etiology: - 1/3 to 1/2 of physical symptoms are idiopathic [2] - predictors of comorbid depression & anxiety a) number of physical symptoms b) 3 or more unexplained symptoms c) 2 or more pain symptoms History: Attributes of a symptom: 1) location, including radiation 2) quality 3) quantity or severity 4) timing a) when did/does it start? b) how long has it last? c) how often does it occur? 5) setting in which it occurs a) environmental factors b) personal activities c) emotional reactions d) other contributing circumstances 6) exacerbating or alleviating factors 7) associated manifestations Management: - 75% of patients report improvement within 1 month [2] - also see specific etiology

Related

feigning of symptoms symptom relief

Specific

2nd & 3rd metacarpophalangeal (MCP) arthropathy abdominal distension abdominal guarding abdominal pain abnormal cardiovascular sound abnormal chest sound abnormal posture abnormal respiration abulia acanthocytosis acantholysis acanthosis achlorhydria achylia acidosis aciduria acne acrobrachycephaly acropachy acute respiratory failure adhesion Adson's sign (test) aerophagia aggression agitation agnosia agonal gasp agraphesthesia airway obstruction akathisia albinism; leucopathy alexithymia alkalosis alloantibody allodynia alopecia (hair loss, balding) amblyopia amenorrhea (oligomenorrhea) amnesia anaphylactoid reaction Anderson triad angina anhedonia aniseikonia anisocoria anisometropia anisospondyly ankylosis anodontia anomaly anomia anorexia anosmia anxiety apathy (indifference) aphonia apnea apprehension apraxia arachnodactyly; achromachia (spider fingers) areflexia Argyl-Robertson pupil argyria arousal symptom Asboe-Hansen sign ascites astereognosis asterixis (liver flap) asthenopia (eye strain) astigmatism asymmetric brachial blood pressure asymmetric sign/symptom ataxia; dyssynergia atelectasis atrial enlargement atrichia; atrichosis atrophic scarring atrophy ausculatory gap Auspitz sign autoantibody automatism autosplenectomy avolition azoospermia azotemia B-symptoms bacteremia bacteriuria balance disorder ballooning bartholinitis Battle sign Beck's triad bedridden belching (eructation) Bell's palsy; cranial nerve 7 palsy; facial nerve palsy Bergman's triad Biett sign bilirubinuria biliuria; choluria black curtain that progresses across the visual field black tongue bleeding gums; gingival bleeding blepharophimosis blepharoptosis; ptosis; lid lag blue nails blue sclera Blumer's shelf body odor; osmidrosis; bromhidrosis borborygmus (stomach rumble) Boutonniere deformity bowel sounds brachycephaly brachydactyly (microdactyly) bradypnea Brockenbrough's sign bronchoconstriction bronchophony bronchorrhea bronchospasm bruxism buckling or giving way of the knee Burton's line calciphylaxis; uremic calcific arteriopathy/arteriolopathy camptodactyly caput medusae carcinoid triad cardiac arrhythmia cardiomegaly Carnett's sign carotenemia carotenodermia cartilage fibrillation catalepsy cataracts catatonia cellulitis cerebellar signs cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage ceruloderma cervical motion tenderness (CMT) or chandelier sign Chadwick sign chagoma Charcot's triad for ascending cholangitis Charcot's triad for multiple sclerosis cheilitis cheiropathy chest tightness chills/rigors cholestasis chondrocalcinosis chromaturia Chvostek's sign chyluria cinchonism circumlocution claudication clinocephaly (saddle head) clinodactyly clubbed fingers/toes; clubbing (Hippocratic fingers) Clutton's joints Codman triangle cognitive impairment coin lesion cold intolerance collapsed lung compulsion confabulation congestion constipation; dyschezia coprolalia (coprophrasia) corneal arcus (arcus corneae) Corrigan's pulse costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness cough Courvoisier's sign cramp crepitus (crepitation) crystalluria Cullen's sign Cushing's triad cutis laxa; elastolysis; loose skin; pachydermatocele cyanosis cycloplegia Danny's triad Darier's sign dark urine dawn phenomenon day blindness (hemeralopia, hemeranopia) de Musset's sign decerebrate posturing deconditioning decorticate posturing decreased bladder compliance decreased intracranial pressure; intracranial hypotension demyelination depression dermatographism desaturation of hemoglobin desmoplasia diabetic dermopathy diabetic foot diarrhea difficulty urinating difficulty walking diplacusis diplopia (double vision) discharge (d/c) disinhibition disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) distichiasis diuresis dizziness dolichostenomelia drop attack drop sign; drop-arm test drowsiness dry eyes; xerophthalmia; keratitis sicca; keratoconjunctivitis sicca Duroziez murmur (Duroziez sign) dysacusis dysdiadochokinesia dysesthesia dysgeusia (taste disorder) dysglycemia dyskeratosis dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain) dysmetria dysnomia; word-finding difficulty dysosmia dysostosis (dysosteogenesis) dyspepsia (indigestion) dysphagia (swallowing disorder) dysphasia dysphonia dysphoria dyspnea (shortness of breath {SOB}) dysreflexia dyssomnia dysthymia dystonia dystrophy dysuria ear discharge early satiety early-morning awakening eburnation (bone sclerosis) ecchymosis echolalia ectopia lentis ectrodactyly; split-hand/foot deformity; lobster claw ectropion edema (swelling, tumefaction, tumescence) EKG sign elastosis elephantiasis elliptocytosis embolism emotional lability; asthenic disorder emphysema enanthem endometriosis enophthalmos entropion eosinophiluria epiphora (abnormal tearing) erethism erythema erythema chronicum migricans (erythema migrans) erythema pernio (chillbain) erythematous halo (rim of erythema) erythroderma (exfoliative dermatitis) erythrodontia erythromelalgia (erythermalgia) esophoria (E) euphoria exfoliation (desquamation) exophthalmos (proptosis) extrapyramidal sign/symptom extravasation extroversion facial edema facial hair failure to thrive falciform ligament sign false positive serologic test for syphilis fasciculation (muscle twitching) fat stranding fatigue; lassitude; tiredness fecal smearing fecal urgency feminization fibrosis Finkelstein's sign fixed & dilated pupils flail chest flashing lights flatulence fluid imbalance; water imbalance fluid retention flushing (vasomotor flushing) foamy urine food insecurity foot odor Forchheimer sign foreign body sensation friable cervix friction rub (friction fremitus) frontal release sign (frontal reflex) functional cognitive disorder functional improvement galactorrhea gallbladder distension gastrointestinal regurgitation; spitting up gastrointestinal symptom gastroparesis gaze General Paresis of the Insane (GPI) genuflection gigantism gingival hyperplasia gliosis glossopharyngeal neuralgia glycosuria goiter Goodell sign Gottron's papule Gottron's sign Gower's sign Gradenigos triad graphesthesia Grey-Turner sign grief grimacing groove sign ground glass eye growth retardation hairiness hairy tongue; black hairy tongue; lingua villosa nigra halitosis (bad breath, fetor oris, ozostomia) hallucination halo around light Hamman's sign (Hammond's sign, Hammond's crunch) Hampton's hump hearing loss (hearing impairment, hard of hearing, HOH) heart sound(s) hebephrenia hemarthrosis hematemesis hematochezia; bloody stool, maroon stool hematospermia hematuria hemiparesis hemiplegia (HP) hemoglobinuria hemolacria; bloody tears hemolysis hemoperitoneum hemorrhage (bleeding) hemosiderinuria hemothorax Hennebert sign (positive fistula test) hepatojugular reflux hepatomegaly heterochromia hiccups (singultus) Hill's sign histiocytic infiltrate Hoffmann's sign; Hoffmann's test holster sign Homan's sign hook-like osteophyte hopelessness hostility hot flash; menopausal vasomotor symptom human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) hunger Hutchinson's sign; periungual pigmentation Hutchinson's triad hydrocephalus hydrometrocolpos hydronephrosis hydropneumothorax hydrops (dropsy) hyperactivity hyperacusis (hyperacusia) hyperalbuminemia hyperammonemia hyperamylasemia hyperbilirubinemia hypercalcemia hypercalciuria hypercapnia hypercarbia hyperchloremia hypercholanemia hypercorticism hyperemia hyperesthesia (hyperalgesia) hyperextensible skin hyperextension hypergastrinemia hyperglycemia hyperglycinuria hyperkalemia hyperkeratosis hyperkeratotic lichenified skin lesion of the gluteal region; senile gluteal dermatosis (sitter's sign) hyperlipasemia hyperlucency hypermagnesemia hypermobility hypernatremia hyperopia (hypermetropia, farsightedness) hyperosmolality hyperosmolarity hyperoxia hyperparathyroidism hyperphenylalaninemia hyperphoria (H) hyperphosphatemia hyperpigmentation hyperpipecolicacidemia hyperpituitarism hyperproteinemia hyperreflexia hypersecretion hypersensitivity hypersplenism hypertelorism hypertension (HTN, high blood pressure, HBP) hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) hyperthermia (pyrexia) hypertonia hypertrophy hypertropia (HT) hyperuricemia hyperuricosuria hyperventilation hyperviscosity hypoalbuminemia hypoaldosteronism; mineralocorticoid deficiency hypoarousal hypocalcemia hypochloremia hypochlorhydria hypodontia hypoesthesia; hypoalgesia hypoestrogenemia hypoglycemia hypohidrosis hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypomania hypomimia (masked fascies) hyponatremia hypophonia hypophoria (Ho) hypophosphatasia hypophosphatemia hypopigmentation hypopituitarism hypopnea hypoproteinemia hyporeflexia hyposmia hypospadias hyposplenism hyposthenuria hypotension hypothermia hypothyroidism hypotonia hypotrichosis hypotropia (HoT) hypoventilation immobility impaired oxygen delivery impaired oxygen extraction impaired thirst; hypothalamic adipsia impaired wound healing; impaired tissue repair impotence improves with blinking inanition inattention (poor concentration, attention disorder) incontinence increased intracranial pressure (ICP) increased intraocular pressure (IOP) increased oxygen demand indifference to pain induration infectious agent antibody inflammation insensitivity to pain inspiratory arrest insulin resistance intellectual disability; mental retardation intertrigo introversion involuntary movement irritability (impatience, hyperexcitability) irritation isothenuria Janeway spot or lesion (smoke ring) jet lag joint stiffness jugular venous distension (JVD) Kayser-Fleischer ring keratoconus keratoderma keratolysis ketonuria ketosis Kluver-Bucy syndrome Koebner phenomenon koilonychia (spoon nails) Koplik's spot Kussmaul's sign language impairment; linguistic dysfunction laryngismus left atrial enlargement (LAE) left shift; bandemia left ventricular dilatation left ventricular non-compaction leg length inequality; leg length discrepancy leontiasis Leser Trelat sign leukocoria; leucocoria; leukokoria; white pupillary reflex leukonychia; achromia unguium; canities unguium; leukopathia unguis; white nails leukotrichia Levine's sign Lhermitte's sign lichenoid eruption light bulb sign lip smacking lipemia; lipemic specimen liquid stool lithoptysis livedo reticularis; livedoid vasculopathy; mottled skin; cutis marmorata lividity locking of the knee loneliness loss of balance loss of height loss of voice lower motor neuron sign lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS, prostatism) lungs clear to auscultation lupus pernio lymphadenopathy lymphocytic infiltrate Macdonald triad (triad of sociopathy) Mackler triad macroamylasemia macrocephaly macrocytosis macroorchidism macular 'drug red' syndrome macular cherry red spot macular degeneration macular edema; retinal edema malabsorption malaise malingering mania (manic state) Marcus Gunn pupil (afferent pupillary defect) mastodynia; mastalgia; breast pain mechanic's hands megancephaly (macrencephaly) meibomitis (meibomianitis) melancholy (melancholic Features) melanoptysis melanosis melanosis coli melena meningeal sign meningism mesomelia mesomelic dwarfism methemoglobinemia microcephaly microcornea microcytosis micrognathia micromelia (nanomelia) middle ear effusion (otitis media with effusion) mild cognitive impairment (MCI); benign senile forgetfulness; age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) miosis (pupillary constriction) mittelschmerz monocyte dysfunction monocytopenia monocytosis monoparesis morning stiffness motor retardation mourning mouth breathing mucopolysacchariduria mucous plugging Muehrcke's nails Mulder's sign murmur muscle atrophy (amyotrophy) muscle spasm muscle stiffness musculoskeletal sign/symptom mydriasis myocardial hypokinesia myoglobinuria myokymia myopia nail pitting nausea neck mass/adenopathy nervousness neurapraxia neurologic sign/symptom; neurologic deficit neutropenia neutrophilic infiltrate night blindness (nyctalopia, nocturnal amblyopia, nyctanopia) Nikolsky's sign nipple discharge nipple retraction; nipple inversion nocturia nonresponsiveness normokalemia normovolemia numbness nystagmus obsession obturator sign ocular bobbing ocular hypotelorism ocular hypotony oily evacuation oligemia oligodontia oligohydramnios oligospermia oligouria oliguria onchyogryposis onycholysis ophthalmoplegia (ophthalmoparesis) opisthotonos opsoclonus optic disk cupping organomegaly orthodeoxia orthopnea orthostatic tolerance oscillopsia Osler's node osteopenia osteosclerosis otorrhea overweight pachydermia pain [odyn-] palilalia pallor palpable purpura palpitations palsy pancytopenia panniculitis papilledema papillomatosis papulosis parakeratosis paralysis paranoia paraparesis paraphasia parasitemia parasternal heave; parasternal impulse paratonia (gegenhalten) paresis paresthesia; burning; tingling parkinsonism parotid gland enlargement Pastia's sign/lines pathergy Pemberton's sign pencil-in-cup deformity penile discharge perception disorder pericholecystic fluid perihepatitis perseveration personality change perspiration (sweating) pes cavus; claw foot; talipes cavus pes planus petechiae Phalen's sign Phalen-Dickson sign phimosis phlebitis phonophobia phoria phosphaturia photic sneeze reflex photophobia; light sensitivity photosensitivity pica pigmentary demarcation lines (Futcher lines, Voigt lines) platyspondylia platyspondyly (platyspondylisis) pleocytosis pleural effusion pneumaturia pneumobilia; aerobilia podagra poikiloderma point tenderness polydipsia polyhydramnios (hydramnios) polyopia (multiple vision) polyphagia polyuria portal hypertension PPD positive prayer sign Prehn's sign prehypertension premature graying of hair presbylaryngis presbyopia presbyphonia preserved ratio impaired spirometry priapism primapterinuria procrastination prolonged electroretinal response suppression (PERRS); bradyopsia prosopagnosia; face blindness, facial agnosia proteinuria prurigo pruritus (itching) pseudohyponatremia pseudophakia pseudostrabismus pseudotumor psoas sign psychomotor agitation psychomotor slowing puffy hands pulmonary aspiration; foreign body aspiration pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary arterial hypertension pulmonary hypoplasia pulmonary infiltrate purpura; retiform purpura pustulosis pyuria (leukocyturia) QT prolongation quadriparesis Quincke's pulse radial to femoral pulse delay radiculopathy range of motion (ROM) rash Raynaud's phenomenon rebound tenderness recruitment of loudness; auditory recruitment red eye (pink eye, ocular erythema) red lunulae redundant skin reflex refusal to eat relieved by sitting up or leaning forward repetitive tic reset osmostat respiratory depression respiratory urgency restlessness reticulocytosis retinal depigmentation retinitis pigmentosa (RP) retinopathy retrognathia rhinitis rhinorrhea rhonchi right atrial enlargement (RAE) rigidity (increased muscle tone) Romana's sign Romberg-Howship sign Roth spot Rovsing's sign rubbing the eye rubeosis saccharopinuria sacroiliitis saddle anesthesia Samitz sign sarcopenia scalp tenderness schistocytosis seizure; epileptic seizure self-injurious behavior; self mutilation senility sensory disorder; alteration of sensation severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) shaggy heart sign short stature shyness sialorrhea; hypersalivation; ptyalism sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis skin maceration skin necrosis skin texture change sleep disorder small bowel villous blunting sneezing snoring somatic complaint somatic dysfunction somatization somnolence (sleepiness) Somogyi effect spasticity speech impairment spherocytosis (microspherocytosis) spider angioma (nevus araneus, arterial spider) splinter hemorrhage (flame-shaped splinter hemorrhage) spondylolisthesis (listhesis, olisthesis) spondylolysis squinting staring stertor strabismus strawberry tongue stress striae stridor subepithelial collagen band surgical abdomen swan neck deformity swollen optic disk syncope syndactyly synesthesia synophrys synostosis T-wave alternans tachykinesia tachyphemia; verbal cluttering tachyphylaxis tachypnea tactile fremitus tall stature tear discoloration teething syndrome telecanthus (canthal hypertelorism) tenesmus tenting tetany tetrad of congestive heart failure thirst thought disorder thrill thrombocytopenia thrombosis thyromegaly thyrotoxicosis Tinel's sign tinnitus tracheobronchomalacia tracheomalacia Traube's sign tremor Trendelenberg gait Trendelenberg sign/test triad of congenital rubella triad of congenital toxoplasmosis triad of Wernicke encephalopathy trichiasis trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) Trotter's triad Trousseau's sign twenty nail dystrophy ulcer underactive bladder; bladder atony unexplained symptom unhappiness universal choking sign upper motor neuron sign (pyramidal tract sign) uremic frost urinary frequency urinary hesitancy urinary retention urinary urgency urine discoloration urine odor urticaria (hives) vaginal bleeding; abnormal uterine bleeding; anovulatory bleeding vaginal discharge vaginismus vegetative symptoms velvety skin venous pooling ventricular hypertrophy vesicoureteral reflux villow atrophy; villous flattening viremia virilism visual floater visuospatial dysfunction vital signs (V/S) vomiting Waddell's triad Waldeyer's throat ring; Bickel's ring; lymphoid ring wandering warm & dry warning signs of stroke (FAST) water bottle heart weakness weight gain weight loss wheeze white forelock white patch Winterbottom's sign Wiskott-Aldrich triad worse when supine worse with inspiration; worse with deep breaths; worse with holding breath xanthopsia xerosis (dry skin) xylosuria yawning

General

FINDING pathologic process