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sodium (Na+) in serum

Reference values: - Male & Female: 136 - 146 mmol/L Clinical significance: Sodium is the primary extracellular cation. The amount of sodium in the body is a reflection of the balance between sodium intake & output. * middle-age serum sodium > 142 mmol/l may increase risk of biological aging, development of chronic diseases & death at a younger age [12] Indications: - assessing acid-base balance, water balance, water intoxication, & dehydration - evaluation of hyponatremia - evaluation of hypernatremia Increases: 1) see hypernatremia 2) pharmaceutical agents: -> in vivo effects (serum) -> androgens, Rauwolfia alkaloids, corticosteroids, mannitol, methyldopa, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone Decreases: 1) see hyponatremia 2) hyperglycemia or other osmotically active substance - a decrease in serum Na+ of 1.6 meq/L for each 100 mg/dL increase in serum glucose [11] - use uncorrected (measured) serum sodium for calculation of anion gap [14] 3) pregnancy be asspcoated with mild hyponatremia due to changes in ADH response to osmolality [13] 4) pharmaceutical agents: - in vivo effects - ammonium chloride, heparin, oral diuretics, spironolactone Principle: - See sodium (Na+) in body fluid Specimen: No special patient preparation is required. Serum preparation: collect whole blood & allow to clot according to manufacturer's instructions. Specimens are collected in a red top vacutainer by venipuncture & should be separated immediately from the cells after collection. Heparin may be used as an anticoagulant for plasma specimens, although sodium heparin will increase the measured sodium value by approximately 0.5 mmol/L. Do not use potassium oxalate/sodium fluoride anticoagulants. Minimum sample size 0.5 milliliter: with an optimum size of 1.0 milliliters or larger.

Related

hypernatremia hyponatremia Na+

General

sodium (Na+) in serum/plasma/blood

References

  1. Kodak Ektachem 700 Analyzer Operator's Manual, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
  2. Kodak Ektachem Clinical Slide Package Insert, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
  3. Kodak Ektachem Clinical Training Manual, Kodak Clinical Products, Rochester, New York.
  4. Tietz, N. W.: Electrolytes, in Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., p. 1845, 1986.
  5. Sodium, Serum or Plasma Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: 20001
  6. Panel of 11 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: 20144
  7. Panel of 9 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: 20399
  8. Panel of 15 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: 20408
  9. Panel of 5 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: 20410
  10. Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium--causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 1;372(1):55-65. Review. PMID: 25551526
  11. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
  12. Dmitrieva NI, Gagarin A, Liu D et al Middle-age high normal serum sodium as a risk factor for accelerated biological aging, chronic diseases, and premature mortality. eBioMedicine. January 02, 2023 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(22)00586-2/fulltext
  13. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
  14. NEJM Knowledge+

Component-of

calcium/sodium in serum/plasma chemistry 14 panel (comprehensive metabolic panel, CMP, chem 12, SMA12, SMA20) chemistry 7 panel (Chem-7 SMA7) chemistry 8 panel (basic metabolic panel, BMP, basic chemistry panel) chemistry 8 panel with ionized calcium; basic metabolic panel (BMP) with ionized calcium electrolytes in CSF electrolytes in serum sodium (Na+) & potassium (K+) in serum sodium/potassium in serum/plasma