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retinopathy

Etiology: 1) hypertension 2) diabetes mellitus 3) ischemia/occlusive vasculopathy 3) pharmaceutical agents a) chloroquine b) phenothiazines Complications: - independent risk factor for stroke [3] - risk factor for cognitive decline in the elderly [4]

Related

retina

Specific

cancer-associated retinopathy syndrome (CAR) diabetic retinopathy (DR, proliferative {PDR} & non-proliferative) enhanced S cone syndrome (ESCS); Goldmann-Favre syndrome; retinoschisis with early hemeralopia maculopathy (macular retinopathy) retinopathy of prematurity; retrolental fibroplasia (ROP) vitreoretinopathy

General

sign/symptom retinal disease

References

  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Companion Handbook, Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1995, pg 829-39
  2. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 103-104, 1121
  3. Mitchell P et al Retinal microvascular signs and risk of stroke and stroke mortality Neurology 2005;65:1005 PMID: 16217050
  4. Deal JA, Sharrett AR, Rawlings AM et al. Retinal signs and 20-year cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Neurology. 2018 Mar 27;90(13):e1158-e1166 PMID: 29490915