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respiration (breathing)
A fundamental process of life, characteristic of both plants & animals. In mammals, oxygen is obtained from the air by the lungs & transported from the lungs into the tissues of the body by hemoglobin within erythrocytes. Transfer of oxygen to & from erythrocytes is by passive diffusion.
Motor function for spontaneous respirations facilitated by cervical nerve C4 [2]
Anatomic lesions resulting in abnormal respirations:
1) damage to upper midbrain &/or diencephalon can result in Cheyne-Stokes respirations
2) damage to midbrain can cause neurogenic hyperventilation
3) damage to medullary respiratory centers can cause apneustic, cluster or ataxic patterns of breathing
Related
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (includes: high altitude periodic breathing)
hyperventilation
hypoventilation
respiratory system
respiratory therapy (RT)
respiratory tract disease
Specific
expiration
inspiration
mouth breathing
General
physiologic process
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
- Geriatrics at your Fingertips, 21st edition, 2019
Reuben DB et al (eds)
American Geriatric Society
ISSNL 1553-152X, ISBN 978-1-886775-62-6
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
How the Lungs Work
http://health.nih.gov/search.asp/15
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/how-lungs-work
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Lung Diseases
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/lung-disease/index.cfm