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double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog (hHR2, nuclear matrix protein 1, NXP-1, SCC1 homolog, RAD21, HR21, KIAA0078, NXP1)
Function:
- cleaved component of cohesion complex
- at metaphase-anaphase transition, RAD21 is cleaved by ESPL1, dissociating cohesion complex from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate.
- plays a role in apoptosis.
a) RAD21 subunit is cleaved by caspase-3 or caspase-7 early
b) 64 kD RAD21 C-terminal cleavage product translocates to cytoplasm & may act as a nuclear signal to initiate cytoplasmic events involved in apoptosis
- becomes hyperphosphorylated in M phase of cell cycle
- dissociation of cohesin from chromosome arms during prophase may be partly due to RAD21 phosphorylation by PLK
Structure: T
- C-terminal part associates with the head of SMC1A
- the N-terminal part binds to the head of SMC3
- belongs to the rad21 family
Compartment:
- nucleus
- associates with chromatin
- before prophase it is scattered along chromosome arms
- during prophase, most of cohesin complexes dissociate from chromatin probably because of phosphorylation by PLK, except at centromeres, where cohesin complexes remain
- at anaphase, RAD21 is cleaved by separase/ESPL1, leading to the dissociation of the complex from chromosomes, allowing chromosome separation
- once cleaved by caspase-3, the C-terminal 64 kD cleavage product translocates to the cytoplasm, where it may trigger apoptosis
Polymorphism:
- some radiosensitive cancer patients seem to have Arg-481 instead of the conserved Gly-481
- it may be that this mutation could contribute to radiosensitivity
General
phosphoprotein
protein subunit
Properties
SIZE: entity length = 631 aa
MW = 72 kD
COMPARTMENT: cytoplasm
cell nucleus
MOTIF: peptide motif {172-173}
peptide motif {279-280}
peptide motif {450-451}
proline-rich region
SITE: 469-510
MOTIF: proline residue (SEVERAL)
Database Correlations
OMIM 606462
UniProt O60216
PFAM correlations
References
- UniProt :accession O60216
- Bidwell JP, Van Wijnen AJ, Fey EG, Dworetzky S, Penman S,
Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS.
Osteocalcin gene promoter-binding factors are tissue-specific
nuclear matrix components.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3162-6.
PMID: 8475055
Component-of
cohesion complex