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pulmonary venous hypertension

Etiology: 1) left-sided atrial disease: atrial fibrillation 2) left-sided ventricular disease - left-sided heart failure - HFrEF 3) left-sided valvular heart disease a) mitral stenosis b) mitral regurgitation

General

pulmonary hypertension

References

  1. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2018.