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blepharoptosis; ptosis; lid lag
Drooping of the eyelid.
Etiology:
1) cranial nerve III lesion
2) Horner's syndrome
3) myasthenia gravis
4) cavernous sinus thrombosis
- Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
5) mechanical:
- levator superioris dehiscence* (most common cause in elderly)
6) Graves disease [5]
7) trauma
8) mass
* gradual stretching of the levator superioris aponeurosis [4]
Clinical manifestations:
- cranial nerve III palsy
- extraocular movements abnormal
- diplopia
- Horner's syndrome
- ptosis, miosis, facial anhidrosis
Related
exophthalmos (proptosis)
General
sign/symptom
eyelid disease
References
- Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. Stephen
Goldberg, MedMaster Inc, Miami, 1995
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American
College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
- Geriatric Review Syllabus, 10th edition (GRS10)
Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds)
American Geriatrics Society, 2019
- NEJM Knowledge+ Endocrinology