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exophthalmos (proptosis)
Proptosis of the globe of the eye out of the orbit.
Etiology:
1) bilateral:
- thyrotoxicosis
- myxedema
- acromegaly
- cavernous sinus thrombosis
- empyema of paranasal sinuses
- lymphoma
- leukemia
- oxycephaly
- leontiasis ossium
- histiocytosis
- Hand Schuller-Christian disease
- Letterer-Siwe disease
- hyperpituitarism
2) unilateral
- mucocele
- orbital cellulitis or abscess
- cavernous sinus thrombosis
- orbital periostitis
- thyrotoxicosis
- myxedema
- orbital fracture
- hemangioma
- meningocele
- encephalocele
- gumma
- orbital neoplasm
- granuloma
- tuberculosis
- aspergillosis
- arteriovenous aneurysm
- histiocytosis: Hand Schuller-Christian disease
Radiology:
1) X-ray of orbit
2) CT of orbit
Related
blepharoptosis; ptosis; lid lag
enophthalmos
General
sign/symptom
orbital disease
References
DeGowin & DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination, 6th edition,
RL DeGowin (ed), McGraw Hill, NY 1994, pg 83