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primary hypogonadism
Failure of the gonads to respond to gonadotropin stimulation.
Etiology:
- Klinefelter syndrome (XXY karyotype) (most common)
- chemotherapy
- pelvic irradiation
- mumps orchitis
- trauma
- autoimmune destruction
- hemochromatosis
- testicular torsion
Laboratory:
1) see hypogonadism
2) increased serum luteinizing hormone (serum LH)
3) increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (serum FSH)
4) karyotyping to exclude Klinefelter syndrome (XXY karyotype)
5) semen analysis shows azoospermia with Klinefelter syndrome
General
hypogonadism
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16, 17.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012, 2015