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postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
Etiology:
- skin infections
- allergic reactions
- trauma (burns)
- drug reaction
- phototoxic eruptions
- ultrasound
- radiofrequency lasers
- light-emitting diodes
- micro-dermabrasion
- inflammatory skin disorders
- lichen planus
- lupus erythematosus
- atopic dermatitis [3]
- acne [1]
Epidemiology:
- negative impact on a patient's quality of life, especially people with skin of color [2]
Pathology:
- reactive hypermelanosis
- increased production or deposition of melanin into the epidermis or dermis by labile melanocytes [2]
Clinical manifestations:
- epidermal hypermelanosis appear tan, brown, or dark brown
- dermal hypermelanosis has a blue-gray discoloration [2]
* images [3,4]
Management:
- topical azelaic acid
- topical retinoids [2]
- cosmetics
General
hyperpigmentation
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
- Callender VD, St Surin-Lord S, Davis EC, Maclin M.
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: etiologic and therapeutic
considerations.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011 Apr 1;12(2):87-99
PMID: 21348540
- Schwartz RA, Elston DM (images)
Medscape: Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1069191-overview
- DermNet NZ. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (images)
http://www.dermnetnz.org/colour/postinflammatory-pigmentation.html